Abstract
The term “going dark” has dual meaning in this chapter. This chapter begins by outlining the intersection between law enforcement, privacy, and surveillance with regard to smartphones, which is referred to as going dark. Another meaning of the term is the voluntary and total disconnection from smartphones in an effort to regain a humanistic and natural identity apart from technology. There are a number of movements that promote digital escapism and rally for boredom. This chapter makes an argument for the art of boredom and its benefits.
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- 1.
FBI. 2014. Going dark: Are technology, privacy, and public safety on a collision course? https://www.fbi.gov/news/speeches/going-dark-are-technology-privacy-and-public-safety-on-a-collision-course. Accessed 12 Apr 2018.
- 2.
Nakashima, Ellen. 2016. FBI paid professional hackers one-time fee to crack San Bernardino iPhone. The Washington Post, April 12. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/fbi-paid-professional-hackers-one-time-fee-to-crack-san-bernardino-iphone/2016/04/12/5397814a-00de-11e6-9d36-33d198ea26c5_story.html?utm_term=.4e0beae065d7. Accessed 12 Mar 2018.
- 3.
Apple. 2016. A message to our customers. https://www.apple.com/customer-letter/. Accessed 4 Mar 2018.
- 4.
Legal Information Institute. 2018. 28 U.S. Code § 1651—Writs. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/1651. Accessed 20 Mar 2018.
- 5.
U.S. Department of Justice. 2017. Deputy Attorney General Rod J. Rosenstein delivers remarks on encryption at the United States Naval Academy. https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/deputy-attorney-general-rod-j-rosenstein-delivers-remarks-encryption-united-states-naval. Accessed 21 Mar 2018.
- 6.
McLuhan, Marshall. 1964. Understanding Media: Extensions of Man. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- 7.
Warren, Samuel and Louis Brandeis. 1890. The right to privacy. Harvard Law Review 4: 5.
- 8.
Eveleth, Rose. 2015. How many photographs of you are out there in the world? The Atlantic, November 2. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/11/how-many-photographs-of-you-are-out-there-in-the-world/413389/. Accessed 13 Feb 2018.
- 9.
Digital Due Process. 2018. https://digitaldueprocess.org/. Accessed 13 Feb 2018.
- 10.
Riley v. California. 2013. https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/13pdf/13-132_8l9c.pdf. Accessed 18 Feb 2018.
- 11.
Carrascal, Juan Pablo, Christopher Riederer, Vijay Erramilli, Mauro Cherubini and Rodrigo de Oliveira. 2011. Your browsing behavior for a Big Mac: Economics of personal information online. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web 189–200.
- 12.
Astor, Maggie. 2017. Microchip implants for employees? One company says yes. The New York Times, July 25. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/25/technology/microchips-wisconsin-company-employees.html. Accessed 4 Mar 2018.
- 13.
Wikileaks. 2017. https://wikileaks.org/ciav7p1/. Accessed 5 Apr 2018.
- 14.
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. 2011. https://epic.org/foia/epic-v-dhs-media-monitoring/Analyst-Desktop-Binder-REDACTED.pdf. Accessed 4 Mar 2018.
- 15.
Insecam. 2018. http://www.insecam.org/en/faq/. Accessed 4 Mar 2018.
- 16.
Tile. 2018. https://www.thetileapp.com/en-us/products/mate. Accessed 4 Mar 2018.
- 17.
ICS Haystack Panopticon. 2016. https://www.haystack.mobi/panopticon/. Accessed 5 Mar 2018.
- 18.
Weisman, Steve. 2017. Is identity theft protection worth it? USA Today, April 22. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/columnist/2017/04/22/identity-theft-protection-worth/100554362/. Accessed 4 Mar 2018.
- 19.
Gartner. 2017. Gartner says 8.4 billion connected ‘things’ will be in use in 2017, up 31 percent from 2016. February 7. https://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3598917. Accessed 5 Mar 2018.
- 20.
Cisco. 2016. Internet of things. https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/products/collateral/se/internet-of-things/at-a-glance-c45-731471.pdf. Accessed 6 Mar 2018.
- 21.
Finnegan, William. 2015. Barbarian Days: A Surfing Life. New York: Penguin Books.
- 22.
Boxall, Andy. 2016. Samsung Galaxy surfboard is every bit as absurd as you imagine. Digital Trends. May 11. https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/samsung-galaxy-surfboard-news/. Accessed 6 Mar 2018.
- 23.
FlowRider. 2018. Our company. http://www.flowrider.com/about-flowrider-inc/. Accessed 8 Mar 2018.
- 24.
Rip Curl. 2018. Welcome to the search. http://searchgps.ripcurl.com/welcome/. Accessed 10 Mar 2018.
- 25.
Perry, Tekla. 2016. Flo Labs’ IoT gadget is like Waze for surfers. IEEE Spectrum, November 17. https://spectrum.ieee.org/view-from-the-valley/at-work/start-ups/its-like-wazefor-surfers. Accessed 9 Mar 2018.
- 26.
Killingsworth, Silvia. 2017. Zero Dark Inbox. The New Yorker, June 18. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/zero-dark-inbox. Accessed 9 Mar 2018.
- 27.
Luppicini, Rocci. 2013. Handbook of Research on Technoself: Identity in a Technological Society. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
- 28.
Lightman, Alan. 2014. The Accidental Universe: The World You Thought You Knew. New York: Pantheon Books.
- 29.
Spacks, Patricia M. 1995. Boredom: The Literary History of a State of Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- 30.
Toohey, Peter. 2011. Boredom: A Lively History. Yale University Press. ProQuest Ebook Central. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/coastal/detail.action?docID=3420713.
- 31.
Struk, Andriy. 2015. Exploring the relationship between self-regulation and boredom. https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/handle/10012/9593/Struk_Andriy.pdf?sequence=3. Accessed 9 Mar 2018.
- 32.
Mann, Sandi and Rebekah Cadman. 2014. Does being bored make us more creative? Creativity Research Journal 26: 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2014.901073.
- 33.
Brodsky, Joseph. 2015. Joseph Brodsky—Listening to boredom. https://lsoares.blogs.sapo.pt/joseph-brodsky-listening-to-boredom-1181316. Accessed 9 Mar 2018.
- 34.
Moynihan, Andrew B., Eric Igou and Wijnand van Tilburg. 2017. Boredom increases impulsiveness: A meaning-regulation perspective. Social Psychology 48: 293–309. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000317.
- 35.
Sharp, Erin, Donna Coffman, Linda Caldwell, Edward Smith, Lisa Wegner, Tania Vergnani and Catherine Mathews. 2011. Predicting substance use behavior among South African adolescents: The role of leisure experiences across time. International Journal of Behavioral Development 35: 343–351.
- 36.
Wilson, Timothy, David A. Reinhard, Erin C. Westgate, Daniel T. Gilbert, Nicole Ellerbeck, Cheryl Hahn, Casey Brown and Adi Shaked. 2014. Just think: The challenges of the disengaged mind. Science 345: 75–77.
- 37.
Chin, Alycia, Amanda Markey, Saurabh Bhargava, Karim Kassam and George Loewenstein. 2017. Bored in the USA: Experience sampling and boredom in everyday life. Emotion 17: 359–368. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000232.
- 38.
Gerritsen, Cory, Maggie E. Toplak, Jessica Sciaraffa and John Eastwood. 2014. I can’t get no satisfaction: Potential causes of boredom. Consciousness and Cognition 27: 27–41.
- 39.
Struk, Andriy, Jonathan S.A. Carriere, Allan Cheyne and James Danckert. 2017. A short boredom proneness scale. Assessment 24: 346–359.
References
Apple. 2016. A message to our customers. Accessed March 4, 2018. https://www.apple.com/customer-letter/.
Astor, Maggie. 2017. Microchip implants for employees? One company says yes. The New York Times, July 25. Accessed March 4, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/25/technology/microchips-wisconsin-company-employees.html.
Boxall, Andy. 2016. Samsung Galaxy surfboard is every bit as absurd as you imagine. Digital Trends. May 11. Accessed March 6, 2018. https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/samsung-galaxy-surfboard-news/.
Brodsky, Joseph. 2015. Joseph Brodsky—Listening to boredom. Accessed March 9, 2018. https://lsoares.blogs.sapo.pt/joseph-brodsky-listening-to-boredom-1181316.
Carrascal, Juan Pablo, Christopher Riederer, Vijay Erramilli, Mauro Cherubini and Rodrigo de Oliveira. 2011. Your browsing behavior for a Big Mac: Economics of personal information online. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web, 189–200.
Chin, Alycia, Amanda Markey, Saurabh Bhargava, Karim Kassam, and George Loewenstein. 2017. Bored in the USA: Experience sampling and boredom in everyday life. Emotion 17: 359–368 https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000232.
Cisco. 2016. Internet of things. Accessed March 6, 2018. https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/products/collateral/se/internet-of-things/at-a-glance-c45-731471.pdf.
Digital Due Process. 2018. Accessed February 13, 2018. https://digitaldueprocess.org/.
Eveleth, Rose. 2015. How many photographs of you are out there in the world? The Atlantic, November 2. Accessed February 13, 2018. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/11/how-many-photographs-of-you-are-out-there-in-the-world/413389/.
FBI. 2014. Going dark: Are technology, privacy, and public safety on a collision course? Accessed April 12, 2018. https://www.fbi.gov/news/speeches/going-dark-are-technology-privacy-and-public-safety-on-a-collision-course.
Finnegan, William. 2015. Barbarian Days: A Surfing Life. New York: Penguin Books.
FlowRider. 2018. Our company. Accessed March 8, 2018. http://www.flowrider.com/about-flowrider-inc/.
Gartner. 2017. Gartner says 8.4 billion connected ‘things’ will be in use in 2017, up 31 percent from 2016. February 7. Accessed March 5, 2018. https://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3598917.
Gerritsen, Cory, Maggie E. Toplak, Jessica Sciaraffa, and John Eastwood. 2014. I can’t get no satisfaction: Potential causes of boredom. Consciousness and Cognition 27: 27–41.
ICS Haystack Panopticon. 2016. Accessed March 5, 2018. https://www.haystack.mobi/panopticon/.
Insecam. 2018. Accessed March 4, 2018. http://www.insecam.org/en/faq/.
Killingsworth, Silvia. 2017. Zero Dark Inbox. The New Yorker, June 18. Accessed March 9, 2018. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/zero-dark-inbox.
Legal Information Institute. 2018. 28 U.S. Code § 1651—Writs. Accessed March 20, 2018. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/1651.
Lightman, Alan. 2014. The Accidental Universe: The World You Thought You Knew. New York: Pantheon Books.
Luppicini, Rocci. 2013. Handbook of Research on Technoself: Identity in a Technological Society. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Mann, Sandi, and Rebekah Cadman. 2014. Does being bored make us more creative? Creativity Research Journal 26: 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2014.901073.
McLuhan, Marshall. 1964. Understanding Media: Extensions of Man. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Moynihan, Andrew B., Eric Igou, and Wijnand van Tilburg. 2017. Boredom increases impulsiveness: A meaning-regulation perspective. Social Psychology 48: 293–309. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000317.
Nakashima, Ellen. 2016. FBI paid professional hackers one-time fee to crack San Bernardino iPhone. The Washington Post, April 12. Accessed March 12, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/fbi-paid-professional-hackers-one-time-fee-to-crack-san-bernardinoiphone/2016/04/12/5397814a-00de-11e6-9d36-33d198ea26c5_story.html?utm_term=.4e0beae065d7.
Perry, Tekla. 2016. Flo Labs’ IoT gadget is like Waze for surfers. IEEE Spectrum, November 17. Accessed March 9, 2018. https://spectrum.ieee.org/view-from-the-valley/at-work/start-ups/its-like-wazefor-surfers.
Riley v. California. 2013. Accessed February 18, 2018. https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/13pdf/13-132_8l9c.pdf.
Rip Curl. 2018. Welcome to the search. Accessed March 10, 2018. http://searchgps.ripcurl.com/welcome/.
Sharp, Erin, Donna Coffman, Linda Caldwell, Edward Smith, Lisa Wegner, Tania Vergnani, and Catherine Mathews. 2011. Predicting substance use behavior among South African adolescents: The role of leisure experiences across time. International Journal of Behavioral Development 35: 343–351.
Spacks, Patricia M. 1995. Boredom: The Literary History of a State of Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Struk, Andriy. 2015. Exploring the relationship between self-regulation and boredom. Accessed March 9, 2018. https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/handle/10012/9593/Struk_Andriy.pdf?sequence=3.
Struk, Andriy, Jonathan S.A. Carriere, Allan Cheyne, and James Danckert. 2017. A short boredom proneness scale. Assessment 24: 346–359.
Tile. 2018. Accessed March 4, 2018. https://www.thetileapp.com/en-us/products/mate.
Toohey, Peter. 2011. Boredom: A Lively History. Yale University Press. ProQuest Ebook Central. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/coastal/detail.action?docID=3420713.
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. 2011. Accessed March 4, 2018. https://epic.org/foia/epic-v-dhs-media-monitoring/Analyst-Desktop-Binder-REDACTED.pdf.
U.S. Department of Justice. 2017. Deputy Attorney General Rod J. Rosenstein delivers remarks on encryption at the United States Naval Academy. Accessed March 21, 2018. https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/deputy-attorney-general-rod-j-rosenstein-delivers-remarks-encryption-united-states-naval.
Warren, Samuel, and Louis Brandeis. 1890. The right to privacy. Harvard Law Review 4 (5): 193–220.
Weisman, Steve. 2017. Is identity theft protection worth it? USA Today, April 22. Accessed March 4, 2018. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/columnist/2017/04/22/identity-theft-protection-worth/100554362/.
Wikileaks. 2017. Accessed April 5, 2018. https://wikileaks.org/ciav7p1/.
Wilson, Timothy, David A. Reinhard, Erin C. Westgate, Daniel T. Gilbert, Nicole Ellerbeck, Cheryl Hahn, Casey Brown, and Adi Shaked. 2014. Just think: The challenges of the disengaged mind. Science 345: 75–77.
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Reid, A.J. (2018). Going Dark. In: The Smartphone Paradox. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94319-0_7
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