Skip to main content

Negotiating Agents: A Model Based on BDI Architecture and Multi-Context Systems Using Aspiration Adaptation Theory as a Negotiation Strategy

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Book cover Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS 2018)

Abstract

Some daily tasks can be tedious or consume a great amount of time for humans to finish, such as scheduling a meeting, organize a trip, find a job, buy a house and so on. However, using agents to perform our daily tasks requires social interaction and conflicts resolution. Many negotiating agents have been implemented to manage and solve these conflicts. Although, up until now, truly autonomous negotiators have rarely been deployed in real-world applications. In order to take one step further towards these limitations, we propose a negotiating BDI-agent based on Multi-Context Systems that use bounded rationality during the negotiation. Multi-Context Systems enable the agent to reason under the presence of many types of information, where each context may use different types of logic. As a type of bounded rationality, Aspiration Adaptation Theory can be used to define the most important issues. To illustrate our proposal, we modeled a round of a real-world negotiation scenario, where an agent has to negotiate the hiring terms of a job under a limited time session and a high number of possible agreements.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Baarslag, T., et al.: When will negotiation agents be able to represent us? the challenges and opportunities for autonomous negotiators (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Brewka, G., Eiter, T.: Equilibria in heterogeneous nonmonotonic multi-context systems. AAAI 7, 385–390 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Brewka, G., et al.: Managed multi-context systems. In: IJCAI Proceedings-International Joint Conference on Artif Intelligence, vol. 22(1), p. 786 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Castelfranchi, C.: Modelling social action for AI agents. Artif. Intell. 103(1–2), 157–182 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Casali, A., Godo, L., Sierra, C.: Graded BDI models for agent architectures. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). LNAI, vol. 3487, pp. 126–143 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Casali, A., Godo, L., Sierra, C.: A graded BDI agent model to represent and reason about preferences. Artif. Intell. 175(7–8), 1468–1478 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2010.12.006

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Gelaim, T.A., Silveira, R.A., Marchi, J.: Towards a model of cognitive agents: integrating emotion on trust. In: Proceedings of the 2015 Fourteenth Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (MICAI), pp. 80–86. IEEE Computer Society (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ito, T., Klein, M., Hattori, H.: A multi-issue negotiation protocol among agents with nonlinear utility functions. Multiagent Grid Syst. 4(1), 67–83 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Jennings, N.R., et al.: Automated negotiation: prospects, methods and challenges. Group Decis. Negot. 10(2), 199–215 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. de Jonge, D., Zhang, D.: Automated negotiations for general game playing. In: Larson, K., et al. (eds.) Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems, AAMAS 2017, São Paulo, Brazil, 8–12 May 2017, pp. 371–379. ACM (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kraus, S.: Negotiation and cooperation in multi-agent environments. Artif. Intell. 94(1), 79–97 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Koster, A., Schorlemmer, M., Sabater-Mir, J.: Opening the black box of trust: Reasoning about trust models in a BDI agent. J. Logic Comput. 23(1), 25–58 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exs003

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Lin, R., et al.: Negotiating with bounded rational agents in environments with incomplete information using an automated agent. Artif. Intell. 172(6–7), 823–851 (2008)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Marsa-Maestre, I., et al.: Balancing utility and deal probability for auction- based negotiations in highly nonlinear utility spaces. IJCAI 9, 214–219 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Marsa-Maestre, I., et al.: Effective bidding and deal identification for negotiations in highly nonlinear scenarios. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, vol. 2, pp. 1057–1064 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Pinyol, I., et al.: Reputation-based decisions for logic-based cognitive agents. Auton. Agents Multi-Agent Syst. 24(1), 175–216 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10458-010-9149-Y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Parsons, S., Sierra, C., Jennings, N.: Agents that reason and negotiate by arguing. J. Logic Comput. 8(3), 261–292 (1998)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Rosenfeld, A., Kraus, S.: Modeling agents based on aspiration adaptation theory. Auton. Agent. Multi-Agent Syst. 24(2), 221–254 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Rosenfeld, A., et al.: NegoChat: a chat-based negotiation agent. In: Proceedings of the 2014 international Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. 2014, pp. 525–532 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Rosenfeld, A., et al.: NegoChat-A: a chat-based negotiation agent with bounded rationality. Auton. Agent. Multi-Agent Syst. 30(1), 60–81 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Selten, R.: Aspiration adaptation theory. J. Math. Psychol. 42(2–3), 191–214 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Trescak, T., et al.: Dispute resolution using argumentation-based mediation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.4164 (2014)

  23. Wooldridge, M.: An Introduction to Multiagent Systems. Wiley, Chichester (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Zhu, W., Jiang, Z.-P.: Event-based leader-following consensus of multi-agent systems with input time delay. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 60(5), 1362–1367 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rodrigo Rodrigues Pires de Mello .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

de Mello, R.R.P., Gelaim, T.Â., Silveira, R.A. (2019). Negotiating Agents: A Model Based on BDI Architecture and Multi-Context Systems Using Aspiration Adaptation Theory as a Negotiation Strategy. In: Barolli, L., Javaid, N., Ikeda, M., Takizawa, M. (eds) Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems. CISIS 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 772. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93659-8_31

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics