Abstract
With over 90 million inhabitants, Egypt is the world’s fourteenth most populous country (World Bank 2016b). President Hosni Mubarak ruled the nation from 1981 until December 2010, when a broad political uprising known as the Arab Spring commenced, followed by an Egyptian revolution in January 2011. Mubarak stepped down the following month and was replaced by Mohamed Morsi until he was ousted in July 2013. Abdel Fattah el-Sisi replaced Morsi as de facto president and was formally elected in 2014. Hence, the political stability associated with the Mubarak regime during the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s has been replaced with a blend of turmoil, uncertainty, and cautious optimism during the 2010s.
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Notes
- 1.
Thanks to Professor Ziad Saeed, Assiut University in Egypt, for his invaluable assistance with the data collection.
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Parnell, J.A. (2019). Nonmarket Strategy in Egypt. In: Nonmarket Strategy in Business Organizations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93242-2_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93242-2_9
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