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The IoT Physical Layer pp 153–168Cite as

Time-Delay Array Beamforming for Millimeter-Wave IoT Systems

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Abstract

This chapter discusses a scalable mixed-signal architecture for beamforming in time-delay arrays, where the time delays are realized by delaying the sampling clock of the receiver analog-to-digital converters. We derive the requirements on the timing correction and show how they are feasible in standard CMOS manufacturing processes. We then evaluate the impact of timing quantization of the array performance and compare the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed approach to phase arrays. For the same number of antennas, the BER of such an array is shown to be several orders of magnitudes lower than that of a phase array, especially at high fractional bandwidths. This chapter concludes by showing how a sub-picosecond requirement on time-delay generation for the beamformer is addressed using an antenna grouping strategy based on a hybrid architecture of a time and phase arrays. This architecture can relax the time correction requirements while enabling large arrays and fractional bandwidths with a modest BER penalty. Extensive simulations are used to evaluate the impact of antenna group sizes on the overall BER of the millimeter wave antenna system.

Keywords

  • Beamforming
  • Antenna system design
  • Phase arrays
  • Delay arrays
  • Millimeter wave
  • 5G communication
  • Automotive IoT

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  • DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93100-5_10
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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) with customized funding from Mubadala Development Company, Abu Dhabi, UAE, under the 2011 Program on Minimum Energy Electronic Systems (MEES I).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Masdar Institute at Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE

    Owais Talaat Waheed & Ibrahim (Abe) M. Elfadel

  2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Ahmed Elian

  3. MediaTek, Woburn, MA, USA

    Ayman Shabra

Authors
  1. Owais Talaat Waheed
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  2. Ahmed Elian
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  3. Ibrahim (Abe) M. Elfadel
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  4. Ayman Shabra
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ibrahim (Abe) M. Elfadel .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Masdar Institute at Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

    Ibrahim (Abe) M. Elfadel

  2. Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA

    Mohammed Ismail

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Waheed, O.T., Elian, A., Elfadel, I.(.M., Shabra, A. (2019). Time-Delay Array Beamforming for Millimeter-Wave IoT Systems. In: Elfadel, I., Ismail, M. (eds) The IoT Physical Layer. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93100-5_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93100-5_10

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