Abstract
In this chapter we explore, from a critical discursive perspective, the ways in which the clients’ subjectivity is manifested, negotiated, and transformed within psychotherapeutic conversations. More specifically, we review discursive research on psychotherapy process and outline the main ways in which subjectivity has been conceptualized and studied from a constructionist perspective. Next, we provide a case example of a family therapy and illustrate the use of subject positioning as an analytic tool for the investigation of the interactional processes implicated in the reconstruction of the clients’ subjectivity through therapy. Finally, we discuss the theoretical, methodological, and clinical implications of this work.
We would like to dedicate this chapter to the memory of Michael Guilfoyle, esteemed colleague and friend, whose work continues to inspire us.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
Over the last 15 years, there has been a flourishing of studies that utilize conversation analysis (CA) to study the process of psychotherapy (e.g. Peräkylä, Antaki, Vehviläinen, & Leudar, 2008; Sutherland & Strong, 2011); although we consider this body of work highly relevant to both psychotherapy research and clinical practice, we have not included it in this discussion, given that CA makes no reference to or claims about the speakers’ internal processes or sense of self. Furthermore, we do not discuss studies that rely upon a dialogical perspective, as the majority of these hold a constructivist perspective and tend to focus on the client’s talk studying subjectivity as an internal entity.
- 2.
Relational Mind in Events of Change in Multi-actor Therapeutic Dialogues—for an overview, see Seikkula et al. (2015).
References
Arrendell, T. (2000). Conceiving and investigating motherhood: The decade’s scholarship. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 1192–1207.
Avdi, E. (2005). Negotiating a pathological identity in the clinical dialogue. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 78, 493–511.
Avdi, E. (2015a). Fostering dialogue: Exploring the therapists’ discursive contributions in a couple therapy. In M. Borcsa & P. Rober (Eds.), Research perspectives in couple therapy: Discursive qualitative methods (pp. 71–88). Heidelberg: Springer.
Avdi, E. (2015b). Discourses of development in the consulting room: Analysing family therapy with children. Feminism and Psychology, 25(3), 363–380.
Avdi, E. (2016). Positioning as embodied interaction: Commentary on Guilfoyle. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 29(2), 141–148.
Avdi, E., & Georgaca, E. (2007). Discourse analysis and psychotherapy: A critical review. European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling, 9(2), 157–176.
Avdi, E., & Georgaca, E. (2009). Narrative and discursive approaches to the analysis of subjectivity in psychotherapy. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 3(5), 654–670.
Avdi, E., Lerou, V., & Seikkula, J. (2015). Dialogical features, therapist responsiveness and agency in a therapy for psychosis. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 28(4), 329–341.
Bavelas, J. B., McGee, D., Phillips, B., & Routledge, R. (2000). Microanalysis of communication in psychotherapy. Human Systems: The Journal of Systemic Consultation and Management, 11(1), 3–22.
Bromberg, P. M. (1998). Standing in the spaces: Essays on clinical process, trauma and dissociation. London, UK: The Analytic Press.
Burck, C., Frosh, S., Strickland-Clark, L., & Morgan, K. (1998). The process of enabling change: A study of therapist interventions in family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 20, 253–267.
Burkitt, I. (2014). Emotions and social relations. London, UK: Sage.
Buttny, R. (2004). Talking problems: Studies on discursive construction. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Cromby, J. (2012). Narrative, discourse, psychotherapy—Neuroscience? In A. Lock & T. Strong (Eds.), Discursive perspectives in therapeutic practice (pp. 288–317). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Cromby, J., & Harper, D. (2009). Paranoia: A social account. Theory and Psychology, 19(3), 335–361.
Davies, B., & Harré, R. (1990). Positioning: The discursive production of selves. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 20(1), 43–63.
Davis, K. (1986). The process of problem re(formulation) in psychotherapy. Sociology of Health and Illness, 8, 44–74.
Drewery, W. (2005). Why we should watch what we say: Position calls, everyday speech, and the production of relational subjectivity. Theory & Psychology, 15(3), 305–324.
Frosh, S., Burck, C., Strickland-Clark, L., & Morgan, K. (1996). Engaging with change: A process study of family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 18, 141–161.
Frosh, S., Phoenix, A., & Pattman, R. (2003). Taking a stand: Using psychoanalysis to explore the positioning of subjects in discourse. British Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 39–53.
Georgaca, E. (2003). Exploring signs and voices in the therapeutic space. Theory & Psychology, 13(4), 541–560.
Georgaca, E. (2005). Lacanian psychoanalysis and the subject of social constructionist psychology: Analysing subjectivity in talk. International Journal of Critical Psychology, 14, 74–94.
Georgaca, E., & Avdi, E. (2011). Discourse analysis. In D. J. Harper & A. Thompson (Eds.), Qualitative research methods in mental health and psychotherapy: An introduction for students and practitioners (pp. 147–162). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Goodwin, C. (2000). Action and embodiment within situated human interaction. Journal of Pragmatics, 32, 1489–1522.
Goodwin, S., & Huppatz, K. (Eds.). (2010). The good mother: Contemporary motherhoods in Australia. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
Guilfoyle, M. (2001). Problematizing psychotherapy: The discursive production of a bulimic. Culture and Psychology, 7, 151–179.
Guilfoyle, M. (2014). The person in narrative therapy: A post-structuralist Foucauldian account. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Guilfoyle, M. (2016). Subject positioning: Gaps and stability in the therapeutic encounter. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 29(2), 123–140.
Harré, R., & van Langenhove, L. (1998). Positioning theory. London, UK: Wiley Blackwell.
Hays, S. (1996). The cultural contradictions of motherhood. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Henriques, J., Hollway, W., Urwin, C., Venn, C., & Walkerdine, V. (1998). Changing the subject (2nd ed.). London, UK: Routledge.
Hollway, W., & Jefferson, T. (2000). Doing qualitative research differently. London, UK: Sage.
Itävuori, S., Korvela, E., Karvonen, A., Penttonen, M., Kaartinen, J., Kykyri, V. L., et al. (2015). The significance of silent moments in creating words for the not-yet-spoken experiences in threat of divorce. Psychology, 6(11), 1360–1372.
Karatza, H., & Avdi, E. (2010). Shifts in subjectivity during the therapy for psychosis. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84(2), 214–229.
Kurri, K., & Wahlström, J. (2005). Placement of responsibility and moral reasoning in couple therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 27, 352–369.
Lyons, A., & Cromby, J. (2010). Social psychology and the empirical body: Rethinking the relationship. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(1), 1–13.
Madill, A., & Doherty, K. (1994). ‘So you did what you wanted then’: Discourse analysis, personal agency and psychotherapy. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 4, 261–273.
O’Reilly, M. (2008). What value is there in children’s talk? Investigating family therapists’ interruptions of parents and children during the therapeutic process. Journal of Pragmatics, 40, 507–524.
Päivinen, H., Holma, J., Karvonen, A., Kykyri, V.-L., Tsatsihvili, V., Kaartinen, J., et al. (2016). Affective arousal during blaming in couple therapy: Combining analyses of verbal discourse and physiological responses in two case studies. Contemporary Family Therapy, 38(4), 373–384.
Parker, I. (1994). Reflexive research and the grounding of analysis: Social psychology and the ‘psy complex. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 4, 239–252.
Parker, I. (Ed.). (1999). Deconstructing psychotherapy. London, UK: Sage.
Pärtanen, T., Wahlström, J., & Holma, J. (2006). Loss of self-control as excuse in group therapy conversations for intimately violent men. Community Medicine, 3(2), 171–183.
Peräkylä, A., Antaki, C., Vehviläinen, S., & Leudar, I. (Eds.). (2008). Conversation analysis and psychotherapy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Peräkylä, A., Henttonen, P., Voutilainen, L., Kahri, M., Stevanovic, M., Sams, M., et al. (2015). Sharing the emotional load: Recipient affiliation calms down the storyteller. Social Psychology Quarterly, 78(4), 301–323.
Pulido-Martinez, H. C. (2014). Psy-complex. In T. Teo (Ed.), Encyclopedia of critical psychology (pp. 1598–1599). Springer.
Sampson, E. E. (2003). Possessive individualism and the self-contained ideal. In M. Gergen & K. J. Gergen (Eds.), Social construction: A reader (pp. 123–128). London, UK: Sage.
Seikkula, J., Karvonen, A., Kykyri, V.-L., Kaartinen, J., & Penttonen, M. (2015). The embodied attunement of therapists and a couple within dialogical psychotherapy: An introduction to the relational mind project. Family Process, 54(4), 703–715.
Seilonen, M. L., Wahlström, J., & Aaltonen, J. (2012). Agency displays on stories of drunk driving: Subjectivity, authorship and reflectivity. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 25(4), 347–360.
Sévon, E. (2011). ‘My life has changed but his life hasn’t’: Making sense of the gendering of parenthood during the transition to motherhood. Feminism and Psychology, 22(1), 60–80.
Shotter, J. (1993). Conversational realities. London, UK: Sage.
Stancombe, J., & White, S. (2005). Cause and responsibility: Towards an interactional understanding of blaming and ‘neutrality’ in family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 27(4), 330–351.
Strong, T., Busch, R., & Couture, S. (2008). Conversational evidence in therapeutic dialogue. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 34(3), 388–405.
Suoninen, E., & Wahlström, J. (2009). Interactional positions and the production of identities: Negotiating fatherhood in family therapy talk. Communication & Medicine, 6(2), 199–209.
Sutherland, O., & Strong, T. (2011). Therapeutic collaboration: A conversation analysis of constructionist therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 33, 256–278.
Tomicic, A., Martinez, C., & Krause, M. (2014). The sound of change: A study of psychotherapeutic process embodied in vocal expression. Laura Rice’s ideas revisited. Psychotherapy Research, 25(2), 263–276.
Törrönen, J. (2001). The concept of subject position in empirical social research. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 31(3), 313–329.
Voutiläinen, L., Henttonen, P., Kahri, M., Kivioja, M., Ravaja, N., Sams, M., et al. (2014). Affective stance, ambivalence, and psychophysiological responses during conversational storytelling. Journal of Pragmatics, 68, 1–24.
Wahlström, J. (2006). The narrative metaphor and the quest for integration in psychotherapy. In E. O’Leary & M. Murphy (Eds.), New approaches to integration in psychotherapy (pp. 38–49). London, UK: Routledge.
Weiste, A., & Peräkylä, A. (2014). Prosody and empathic communication in psychotherapy interaction. Psychotherapy Research, 24(6), 687–701.
Wetherell, M. (2015). Trends in the turn to affect: A social psychological critique. Body & Society, 21(2), 139–166.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Avdi, E., Georgaca, E. (2018). Researching the Discursive Construction of Subjectivity in Psychotherapy. In: Smoliak, O., Strong, T. (eds) Therapy as Discourse. The Language of Mental Health. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93067-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93067-1_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-93066-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-93067-1
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)