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Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems pp 667–681Cite as

Coral Sclerochronology: Similarities and Differences in the Coral Isotopic Signatures Between Mesophotic and Shallow-Water Reefs

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Part of the book series: Coral Reefs of the World ((CORW,volume 12))

Abstract

Coral sclerochronology is a powerful tool for understanding environmental and ecological changes on coral reefs. Geochemical, isotopic, and skeletal density banding analyses along the major growth axis of massive coral skeletons from tropical shallow-water reefs have been used successfully to reconstruct decadal- to centennial-scale histories of climate and coral growth with annual to seasonal resolution. However, little is known about how coral sclerochronological approaches could capture environmental and/or physiological changes in mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs), which occur at depths ranging from 30 to 150 m. We compared the oxygen and carbon isotopes and growth records of coral from upper MCEs with those from adjacent shallow reefs by examining Porites corals collected at 4 and 40 m from Okinawa, Japan, and from 5 and 50 m water depths from the Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea, Israel. Porites corals in MCEs exhibited low calcification rates, but still recorded distinct seasonal to interannual variability in oxygen and carbon isotope signals consistent with coral isotopic records on shallow reefs. The amplitudes of the seasonality in the isotopic records in corals from MCEs were larger than those expected from seasonal environmental variations and those recorded in shallow reefs, indicating that coral growth rate and/or physiological changes affected skeletal isotopic composition. Our results suggest that sclerochronological records have great potential for reconstructing environmental and ecological characteristics of MCEs. The isotopic records of MCE corals are also more influenced by physiological processes such as symbiotic photosynthesis, calcification rates, and trophic levels than their shallow-water counterparts.

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Acknowledgments

We thank M. Hama, H. Kajita, and Y. Sato for sample preparation and T. Irino for assistance and maintenance of mass spectrometry used in this study. This study was supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) and (B) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (No. 25257207 and No. 15H03742) to TW, the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (No. 16H02490) to SH, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie GF grant (No. 796025) to GE and the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) Grant (No. 1191/16) and USAID/MERC Grant (No. M32-037) to YL.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

    Tsuyoshi Watanabe, Takaaki K. Watanabe, Atsuko Yamazaki, Shiori Yoneta & Kohki Sowa

  2. Kikai institute for coral reef sciences, Kagoshima, Japan

    Tsuyoshi Watanabe & Atsuko Yamazaki

  3. Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Motobu, Okinawa, Japan

    Frederic Sinniger & Saki Harii

  4. George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Gal Eyal & Yossi Loya

  5. The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel

    Gal Eyal

  6. The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Gal Eyal

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  1. Tsuyoshi Watanabe
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  2. Takaaki K. Watanabe
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  7. Gal Eyal
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Correspondence to Tsuyoshi Watanabe .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Yossi Loya

  2. National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Silver Spring, MD, USA

    Kimberly A. Puglise

  3. Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum Network, Townsville, QLD, Australia

    Tom C.L. Bridge

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Watanabe, T. et al. (2019). Coral Sclerochronology: Similarities and Differences in the Coral Isotopic Signatures Between Mesophotic and Shallow-Water Reefs. In: Loya, Y., Puglise, K., Bridge, T. (eds) Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems. Coral Reefs of the World, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92735-0_36

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