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The Pharmacist Guide to Implementing Pharmaceutical Care pp 353–367Cite as

Pharmaceutical Care and Cardiovascular Diseases

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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are often accompanied with comorbidities and, therefore, with multiple drug regimens. Drug-related morbidity and mortality due to drug-related problems (DRPs) represent a serious problem in these patients. Pharmacists’ intervention can detect and solve or prevent DRPs. However, DRPs in CVDs are currently not a validated surrogate outcome. Nevertheless, suggested interventions are medication reconciliation and reviews, patient education and counseling (to improve self-care and medication adherence), additional written information (medication plan) and pillboxes (weekly dosing aids) to improve adherence, and monitoring of clinical parameters, among others. Apart from hypertension and CVD risk reduction, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with robust designs, studying large populations, adequate follow-up periods, and sufficiently powered to detect clinical relevant differences in endpoints are needed. The evidence gained will provide standards for the interventions and outcome measures, both to compare studies and approaches to implement them reimbursed in daily pharmaceutical practice.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Federal Union of German Associations of Pharmacists, Berlin, Germany

    Martin Schulz

  2. Scientific Evaluation, Federal Union of German Associations of Pharmacists, Berlin, Germany

    Katrin Krueger & Nina Griese-Mammen

  3. Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

    Ross Tsuyuki

Authors
  1. Martin Schulz
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  2. Katrin Krueger
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  3. Nina Griese-Mammen
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  4. Ross Tsuyuki
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Martin Schulz .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Monte da Caparica, Portugal

    Filipa Alves da Costa

  2. van Mil Consultancy, Zuidlaren, The Netherlands

    J. W. Foppe van Mil

  3. Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru

    Aldo Alvarez-Risco

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Schulz, M., Krueger, K., Griese-Mammen, N., Tsuyuki, R. (2019). Pharmaceutical Care and Cardiovascular Diseases. In: Alves da Costa, F., van Mil, J., Alvarez-Risco, A. (eds) The Pharmacist Guide to Implementing Pharmaceutical Care. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92576-9_29

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92576-9_29

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-92575-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-92576-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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