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An Outline of the Life of Raffaele Pareto

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Vilfredo Pareto: An Intellectual Biography Volume I

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought ((PHET))

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Abstract

In the first section of this chapter, drawing on complete documentation brought together for the first time, the eventful and formative period of Raffaele Pareto’s experiences in civilian and military life will be reconstructed in detail, including his participation in the 1833 Sardinian army revolt and the harsh repressive measures which ensued, leading him to take refuge in exile in France. During the 20-year period spent across the Alps, Raffaele started his own family and applied the mathematical and engineering knowledge he had acquired during his studies.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Married to Enrichetta Spinola , see Sertorio (1967, p. 272).

  2. 2.

    Married to Teresa Giustiniani, ibid.

  3. 3.

    Married to Marquis Giacomo Reggio (cf. Registry Office, City of Genoa) and mother of Tommaso Reggio, archbishop of Genoa from 1892 to 1901.

  4. 4.

    Married to Giovanni Battista Della Torre, ibid.

  5. 5.

    Married to a certain De Ferrari, ibid.

  6. 6.

    Married to Marquis Vincenzo Spinola, ibid.

  7. 7.

    Registry Office, City of Genoa.

  8. 8.

    Ligustica Academy, Genoa, folder n° 192/5.5, Admissions Book, 1816–1828.

  9. 9.

    See Staglieno (1862, pp. 91, 98, 113, 244–247); on Raffaele’s artistic philosophy, see Pesenti (2008).

  10. 10.

    Political directorate of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the Chief Magistrate of the Allier department, 31st January 1838, Archives of the Allier department, Moulins.

  11. 11.

    See Montale (1985).

  12. 12.

    State Archive of Turin, Ministry of the Interior Police Inspectorate, dossier 410, List of individuals born or domiciled in the Genoa area whose opinions render them politically suspect [drafted by the Royal Carabinieri of Genova in 1836], dossier n° 81.

  13. 13.

    Political directorate of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the Chief Magistrate of the Allier department, 31st January 1838; Raffaele to the Chief Magistrate of the Allier department, 6th October 1841, Archives of the Allier department, Moulins.

  14. 14.

    Damaso Pareto was arrested on the 20th of June 1833 and imprisoned in the military fortress of Alessandria, State Archive of Turin, Ministry of the Interior, Police Directorate, dossier 410, list of individuals who have compromised themselves or in some manner become politically suspect [drafted in 1836], dossier n° 181.

  15. 15.

    The suppression indeed ended with 12 persons being executed by firing squad, 11 sentenced in absentia, 2 given life sentences and 37 shorter prison sentences, “Gazzetta Piemontese”, 12th September 1833, pp.547–548.

  16. 16.

    State Archives of Turin, Ministry of the Interior Police Directorate, dossier 410, List of individuals, section n° 290.

  17. 17.

    See R. Pareto (1835).

  18. 18.

    Ibid., pp. 4–7, 20.

  19. 19.

    Raffaele’s marriage certificate, Municipal Archives of Moulins sur Allier.

  20. 20.

    See Bousquet (1968, p. 225).

  21. 21.

    Raffaele’s marriage certificate.

  22. 22.

    Pareto to Francesco Papafava, 13th September 1889, see Pareto (1981, p. 641).

  23. 23.

    Cristina Pareto to Emilia Peruzzi, 27th June 1882, Central National Library of Florence, Manuscripts Hall, Emilia Peruzzi Collection, letters of Cristina Pareto to Emilia Peruzzi.

  24. 24.

    Pareto to Guido Sensini , 22nd January 1919, see Pareto (1975a, p. 1009).

  25. 25.

    Municipal Archives of Moulins sur Allier.

  26. 26.

    Raffaele Scala , who was taken prisoner in the battle of Adua (Pareto to Arturo Linaker, 29th April 1896, see Pareto (1975a, p. 295); Pareto to Maffeo Pantaleoni, 13th and 20th May 1896, see Pareto (1984, pp. 444–445, 448)), married Marguerite Bugnion (1873–1956), daughter of Edouard Bugnion (1845–1939), Professor of anatomy and of embryology at the University of Lausanne. Raffaele e Marguerite had one daughter , Beatrice.

  27. 27.

    Franz Scala married the Genoese noblewoman Elisa Insena Negrotto and had three daughters, Maria Aurelia , Albertina and Raffaella.

  28. 28.

    Municipal Archives of Moulins sur Allier.

  29. 29.

    Some notices about Pareto’s two life-companions. Vilfredo married Alessandra (Dina) Bakounine (1860–1937), daughter of Modesto Bakounine, who was a former Russian Consul in Venice, and who had links of blood to the noble Incontri family in Florence, on the 23rd of December 1889 in a civil ceremony (Municipality of Florence, Register of Marital Status, marriage records for the year 1889, part I, vol. V, n° 1392) and on the 26th of December 1889 in a church ceremony (Marriage Register of the Parish of St. Lucia de’ Magnoli in Florence, 1857–1889, p.126). Vilfredo, affirming that marriage is “an act which always has a great influence on a man’s life” reflects that the decision to marry will be beneficial if it gives him “more strength for working”, Pareto to Francesco Papafava, 17th November 1889, see Pareto (1981, p. 645). The choice of Dina seems to have been due to Vilfredo’s estimation of her character as weak and submissive, Cristina Pareto to Emilia Peruzzi, 13th December 1889, Emilia Peruzzi Collection, letters of Cristina Pareto to Emilia Peruzzi. From Dina’s correspondence with Emilia Peruzzi the picture that emerges is of a polyglot much appreciative of her husband, at least in the early years of the marriage, and possessed of a high level of culture, to the point of taking up studies of political economy herself, Dina Bakounine to Emilia Peruzzi, 27th December 1890, Central National Library of Florence, Manuscripts Hall, Emilia Peruzzi Collection, letters of Dina Pareto to Emilia Peruzzi. During the time in Lausanne, the relationship between Vilfredo and Dina broke down, culminating in November 1901 with Dina’s flight to Russia in the company of a servant. For the Italian civil administration the couple were to retain the separated status, which was officialised in Florence on the 19th of April 1902, until Vilfredo’s death (Pareto to Arturo Linaker, 24th February 1902, see Pareto (1975a, p. 445)).

    Abandoned by Dina , Vilfredo rapidly found a housekeeper in the person of the young Parisian Jeanne Régis (1879–1948). She was of humble origins, and assisted him for the rest of his life with a patience for which Vilfredo showed his gratitude by dedicating the Treatise on General Sociology to her but also, and more pertinently, by marrying her on the 19th of June 1923 (following a divorce granted in Fiume on the 15th of September 1922, which was valid everywhere except in Italy, Pareto to Alessandro Orsini , 31st August and 19th September 1922, see Pareto (1975b, pp. 1094, 1100); and by naming her as his heir (Pareto to Arthur Sautter, 17th July 1923, see Pareto (2001, p. 409)).

  30. 30.

    Political Directorate of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the Commissioner of the Allier department, 31st January 1838.

  31. 31.

    Raffaele to the Commissioner of the Allier department, 6th October 1841.

  32. 32.

    Prefecture of l’Allier, Moulins sur Allier, 11th December 1836, minutes of the examination for admission to positions of Surveyor of Highways, held in the Central State Archives, Rome, papers relating to persons, Raffaele and Vilfredo Pareto dossier.

  33. 33.

    Declaration written on 7th October 1841 by a certain Professor Guyot , about whom no further details are known.

  34. 34.

    See Pareto (1839, pp. 8, 15).

  35. 35.

    Constituted in Paris on the 28th August 1845, entered into liquidation in December 1847; see Mauret-Cribellier (2008, p. 1).

  36. 36.

    See Mauret-Cribellier (2004, p. 4).

  37. 37.

    Ibid., p. 5.

  38. 38.

    Letter of engagement, Raffaele and Vilfredo Pareto dossier.

  39. 39.

    See Mauret-Cribellier (2004, p. 5).

  40. 40.

    Ibid., p. 6.

  41. 41.

    Ibid.

  42. 42.

    Ibid.

  43. 43.

    See Mauret-Cribellier (2008, p. 1).

  44. 44.

    See Pareto (1850, 1851a).

  45. 45.

    See Pareto (1850, p. 278).

  46. 46.

    Ibid.

  47. 47.

    See Pareto (1850, pp. 281–283).

  48. 48.

    See Pareto (1850, p. 284).

  49. 49.

    Ibid.

  50. 50.

    See Pareto (1851b).

  51. 51.

    He took up residence, at least from November 1854, in Salita delle Battistine 8 in the city centre, where he kept a technical studio, see Pareto (1854a, p. 52).

  52. 52.

    Letter of award of the Silver Medal, Raffaele and Vilfredo Pareto dossier.

  53. 53.

    See Pareto (1854b).

  54. 54.

    See Pareto (1854a, pp. 47–62).

  55. 55.

    Notification of appointment, Raffaele and Vilfredo Pareto dossier.

  56. 56.

    See Pareto (1856, p. 3).

  57. 57.

    Ibid., pp. 11–13.

  58. 58.

    Ibid., pp. 25–26.

  59. 59.

    Ordinance of 7th May 1859, confirming the appointment as teacher, Raffaele and Vilfredo Pareto dossier.

  60. 60.

    Ordinance of 20th November 1859, relating to his resignation from the teaching position, ibid.

  61. 61.

    Historical archive of the municipality of Casale Monferrato, Leardi Archive, chronological register of the deliberations of the administrative commission.

  62. 62.

    The Leardi was founded by the Municipality in 1858 thanks to a generous bequest from the local benefactress Clara Leardi. On the history of the Institute, see Eccettuato (1975).

  63. 63.

    See Pareto (1860).

  64. 64.

    Historical archive of the municipality of Casale Monferrato, Leardi Archive, Letters and documents 1857–1869.

  65. 65.

    Ordinance of conferral of the title of Graduate Engineer, 4th April 1861, Raffaele and Vilfredo Pareto dossier.

  66. 66.

    Ordinance of appointment, 26th June 1862, ibid.

  67. 67.

    See Giacalone-Monaco (1966, p. 17).

  68. 68.

    Ordinance of appointment, 20th November 1862, Raffaele and Vilfredo Pareto dossier.

  69. 69.

    Ordinance of appointment, 30th October 1864, ibid.

  70. 70.

    Ordinance of appointment, 4th August 1866, ibid.

  71. 71.

    Ordinance of appointment, 15th November 1869, ibid.

  72. 72.

    Ordinance of appointment, 10th March 1877, ibid.

  73. 73.

    Ordinance of appointment, 26th March 1864, ibid.

  74. 74.

    Ordinance of appointment, 11th September 1864, ibid.

  75. 75.

    Ordinance of appointment, 15th November 1869, ibid.

  76. 76.

    Ordinance of appointment, 15th March 1878, ibid.

  77. 77.

    Already during his time in France, on the 31st of December 1849, Raffaele had been appointed “free” academic at the Royal Agrarian College in Turin (diploma of appointment of that date, ibid.).

  78. 78.

    Letter of appointment of the 20th January 1867, ibid.

  79. 79.

    Ordinance of appointment of the 30th December 1867, ibid.

  80. 80.

    Ordinance of appointment of the 30th January 1871, ibid.

  81. 81.

    Ordinance of appointment of the 24th April 1873, ibid.

  82. 82.

    See Pareto (1869, pp. 72–91).

  83. 83.

    Ibid., pp. 91–92.

  84. 84.

    Ibid., pp. 98–99.

  85. 85.

    See Borkenau (1936, pp. 9–11).

  86. 86.

    Pareto to Alceste (not Antonio, as was long believed !) Antonucci, 7th December 1907, see Pareto (1975a, p. 613).

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    Fiorenzo Mornati

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Mornati, F. (2018). An Outline of the Life of Raffaele Pareto. In: Vilfredo Pareto: An Intellectual Biography Volume I. Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92549-3_2

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