Abstract
This chapter addresses the topic of immigrant incorporation with a specific focus on multiculturalism. It highlights that although multiculturalism has been a defining characteristic of many Western societies since, at least, the last third of the twentieth century, it has faced considerable opposition over the past couple of decades on account of terrorism committed in the name of Islam, perceptions of Muslim minority communities as resistant to integration and of Islam as incompatible with Western society. The chapter discusses the claimed failure of multiculturalism due to Islam and Muslims and the retreat from it observed in many Western societies. It argues that the perception of Islam as a central contributor to the failure of and retreat from multiculturalism in the West is misplaced and proposes that closer attention needs to be paid to the role of the post-colonial, anti-Western ideology of Islamism in undermining multiculturalism in the West. The chapter contends that a failure to distinguish Islam from Islamism, not only among Western governments, media, and publics but within Muslim communities as well, has significantly contributed to unfavourable views of Islam in the West, perceptions of Muslims as undesirable citizens, and claims that multiculturalism has left Western societies vulnerable to unwelcome social change and threats to national security.
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Notes
- 1.
The data analysed are from the Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001, 2006 and 2011 Census of Population and Housing and are based on the “Place of Usual Residence” and “Religious Affiliation” questions of the Census (questions 8 and 19 respectively). Data for 2006 and 2011 were accessed using the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Table Builder programme and data from the 2001 Census were accessed from the QuickStats section of the ABS website.
- 2.
Wahhabism is an extremist, legalistic, puritanical interpretation of Islam developed and dominant in Saudi Arabia and exported around the world. It is a form of Salafism, which attempts to interpret Islam according to what is thought to be the understanding and practice of the first generations of Muslims.
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Duderija, A., Rane, H. (2019). Multiculturalism. In: Islam and Muslims in the West. New Directions in Islam. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92510-3_5
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