Abstract
An expression in a functional programming language can be compiled into a massively redundant, spatially distributed, concurrent computation called a distributed virtual machine (DVM). A DVM is comprised of bytecodes reified as actors undergoing diffusion on a two-dimensional grid communicating via messages containing encapsulated virtual machine states (continuations). Because the semantics of expression evaluation are purely functional, DVMs can employ massive redundancy in the representation of the heap to help ensure that computations complete even when large areas of the physical host substrate have failed. Because they can be implemented as asynchronous circuits, DVMs also address the well known problem affecting traditional machine architectures implemented as integrated circuits, namely, clock networks consuming increasingly large fractions of area as device size increases. This paper describes the first hardware implementation of a DVM. This was accomplished by compiling a VHDL specification of a special purpose distributed memory multicomputer with a mesh interconnection network into a globally asynchronous, locally synchronous (GALS) circuit in an FPGA. Each independently clocked node combines a processor based on a virtual machine for compiled Scheme language programs, with just enough local memory to hold a single heap allocated object and a continuation.
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Notes
- 1.
This brings to mind the very interesting result concerning the ability of asynchronous cellular automata to emulate synchronous cellular automata with negligible slowdown [8].
- 2.
Deep Thought from The Hitch Hiker’s Guide to the Galaxy comes to mind.
- 3.
Despite this apparent limitation, functional programming languages are extremely expressive and modern compilers exploit referential transparency to perform powerful code optimizations.
- 4.
The first integrated circuit implementation of a processor customized for efficient execution of compiled Lisp programs was described by Steele and Sussman [16].
- 5.
- 6.
Think of the so-called “8-puzzle” and its sliding plastic tiles.
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Jensen, L.A., Williams, L.R. (2018). An FPGA Implementation of a Distributed Virtual Machine. In: Stepney, S., Verlan, S. (eds) Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation. UCNC 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10867. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92435-9_8
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