Abstract
The boreal forest accounts for about one-third of all global forest resources and is found in seven of the eight Arctic countries. The boreal biome, also known as the taiga, lies south of the Arctic Circle and runs through Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the United States, and Canada (out of the eight Arctic countries), as well as Japan, Mongolia, and Scotland, making it one of the largest biomes in the world.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
For the purposes of this article, Iceland and Finland are included.
- 2.
Russian Government, retrieved from: http://government.ru/en/department/245/.
References
Alaska Department of Natural Resources (2016) Alaska division of forestry overview. In: Anchorage AK (ed). Retrieved from: http://forestry.alaska.gov/overview. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Alaska Forest Association (2015) Alaska forest facts. Retrieved from: http://www.akforest.org/facts.htm. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Arnarsdóttir, Eygló Svala (2014) Forests in Iceland to increase tenfold by 2100. Iceland Review, July 30th, 2014. Retrieved from: http://icelandreview.com/author/258. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Berg EC, Gale CB, Morgan TA, Brackley AM, Keegan CE, Alexander SJ, Christensen GA, McIver CP, Scudder MG (2014) Alaska’s timber harvest and forest products industry, 2011. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-903. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, 39 p
Central Intelligence Agency (2009) The CIA world factbook 2010. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. Updated in 2014. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Cullingham CI, Cooke JE, Dang S, Davis CS, Cooke BJ, Coltman DW (2011) Mountain pine beetle host-range expansion threatens the boreal forest. Mol Ecol 20(10):2157–2171
Eysteinsson Þ (2016) Forestry in a treeless land, 4th edn. Division Chief National Forests, Iceland
FAO (2009) State of the world’s forests 2009. Society, forests and forestry: adapting for the future. Rome
FAO (2010a) Forest management—managers, Finland. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/forestry/country/61584/en/fin/. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
FAO (2010b) Forest management. Finland. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/forestry/country/61584/en/fin/. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
FAO (2012) The Russian Federation forest outlook study to 2030
FAO (2015) Global forest resources assessment 2015: desk reference. Rome, 253Â pp
FAO (2016) State of the world’s forests 2016. Forests and agriculture: land-use challenges and opportunities. Rome
Finnish Forest Research Institute (2012a) Finnish forests and forest management in a nutshell. Retrieved from: http://www.metla.fi/metinfo/sustainability/SF-1-forest-industry.htm. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Finnish Forest Research Institute (2012b) Retrieved from: http://www.smy.fi/en/forest-fi/forest-facts/finnish-forests-owned-by-finns/. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (2015) National forest strategy 2025. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Helsinki. Retrieved from: http://mmm.fi/en/nfs. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Flannigan MD, Wagner CV (1991) Climate change and wildfire in Canada. Can J For Res 21(1):66–72
FSC (2013) FSC helps to shape New Russian Forest policy. Wednesday, 30th October 2013. Retrieved from: https://ic.fsc.org/en/news/id/541. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
FSC (2015) FSC(r) International Standard: FSC principles and criteria for forest stewardship. FSC-STD-01-001 V5-2 EN. Forest Stewardship Council International Secretariat, Bonn, Germany, 32 pp
Government of British Columbia (2012) Timber tenures in British Columbia: managing public forests in the public interest. Lands and Natural Resource Operations, British Columbia Ministry of Forests. 17 pp. Retrieved from: https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/ftp/hth/external/!publish/web/timber-tenures/timber-tenures-2006.pdf. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Håbesland D, Kilgore M, Snyder S, Becker D, Solberg B, Sjølie HK, Lindstad BH (2015) An assessment of Norwegian family forest owner interest in carbon offset programs and comparisons to the lake states. Staff paper series. No. 237, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota (237)
Haley D, Nelson H (2007) Has the time come to rethink Canada’s Crown forest tenure systems? For Chronicle 83(5):630–641
Horstkotte T, Sandström C, Moen J (2014) Exploring the multiple use of boreal landscapes in northern Sweden: The importance of social-ecological diversity for mobility and flexibility. Hum Ecol 42(5):671–682
Icelandic Forestry Association (2016) Icelandic forest info. Retrieved from: http://www.skog.is/forest/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=38. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Korosuo A, Sandström P, Öhman K, Eriksson LO (2014) Impacts of different forest management scenarios on forestry and reindeer husbandry. Scand J For Res 29(sup1):234–251
Lange K (2015) Forestry in Iceland? Knots and Bolts, Winter 2015. Retrieved from: http://northernwoodlands.org/knots_and_bolts/forestry-iceland. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Langston N (2013) Mining the boreal north. Am Sci 101(2):98–102
Lebedys A, Li Y (2014) Contribution of the forestry sector to national economies, 1990–2011. FAO, Forest Finance Working Paper FSFM/ACC/09
Lehtonen I, Ruosteenoja K, Venäläinen A, Gregow H (2014) The projected 21st century forest-fire risk in Finland under different greenhouse gas scenarios. Boreal Environ Res 19:127–139
Lidskog R, Sjödin D (2016) Extreme events and climate change: the post-disaster dynamics of forest fires and forest storms in Sweden. Scand J For Res 31(2):148–155
Lier M, Parviainen J (2013) Integration of nature protection in forest policy in Finland. INTEGRATE Country Report. FICENT-OEF, Freiburg, 65 pp
Natural Resources Institute Finland (2012) State of Finland’s forests 2012: Finnish forests and forest management in a nutshell. Retried from: http://www.metla.fi/metinfo/sustainability/SF-1-forest-industry.htm. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Nordic Timber (2016) Norwegian forest policy. Retrieved from: http://www.nordictimber.org/norwegian-forest-policy. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Norway’s Forest Act (2005) Retrieved from: http://faolex.fao.org/cgi-bin/faolex.exe?rec_id=053322&database=faolex&search_type=link&table=result&lang=eng&format_name=@ERALL. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
NRCan (2016) Overview of Canada’s forest products industry. Retrieved from: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/industry/overview/13311. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Oester B, Parviainen J (2008) Finnish forestry—a role model for Switzerland? English version retrieved at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02827581.2014.902152. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (2016) Ontario Forest Modernization Act, 2011. Government of Ontario. Retrieved from: https://www.ontario.ca/page/forest-tenure-modernization. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Parviainen J, Lier M (2015) Finlands forest facts—2015. LUKE Natural Resources Institute, Finland. Retrieved from: http://www.metla.fi/metinfo/kestavyys/pdf/finlands-forests-facts-2015-small.pdf. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Petrov A, Lobovikov M (2012) The Russian federation forest sector: outlook study to 2030. FAO, Rome
Robinne FN, Parisien MA, Flannigan M (2016) Anthropogenic influence on wildfire activity in Alberta, Canada. Int J Wildland Fire. https://doi.org/10.1071/wf16058
Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry (2009) The Swedish forestry model. Stockholm, Sweden, p 16
Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry (2015) Forests and forestry in Sweden Stockholm, Sweden, 24Â pp
Runesson UT (2016) Boreal forests. Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON Canada. Retrieved at: http://www.borealforest.org. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Russian Government (2006) Forest code of the Russian Federation, 2006. (Translated and retrieved from: http://www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/GlobalNetworks/BalticRegion/ForestCode-3rdReading-061108-eng.pdf). Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Russian Government (2016) Federal agency for forestry. Retrieved from: http://government.ru/en/department/245/. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Sandström P, Sandström C, Svensson J, Jougda L, Baer K (2012) Participatory GIS to mitigate conflicts between reindeer husbandry and forestry in Vilhelmina model forest Sweden. For Chronicle 88(3):254–260
Sjølie HK, Becker D, Håbesland D, Solberg B, Lindstad BH, Snyder S, Kilgore M (2016) Willingness of nonindustrial private forest owners in Norway to supply logging residues for wood energy. Small-scale For 15(1):29–43
Stocks BJ, Fosberg MA, Lynham TJ, Mearns L, Wotton BM, Yang Q, Jin JZ, Lawrence K, Hartley GR, Mason JA, McKenney DW (1998) Climate change and forest fire potential in Russian and Canadian boreal forests. Clim Change 38(1):1–13
Swedish Forest Industries Federation (2012) The forest industry—the driver for a sustainable bioeconomy. Swedish Forest Industries Federation Sustainability Report 2012. English Abridged Version, 28 pp
Ulybina O (2014a) Interaction, cooperation and governance in the Russian forest sector. J Rural Stud 34:246–253
Ulybina O (2014b) Russian forests: the path of reform. For Policy Econ 38:143–150
World Wildlife Fund (2016) Russian forest program. Retrieved from: https://www.wwf.ru/about/what_we_do/forests/eng. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Wyatt S, Fortier JF, Natcher DC, Smith MAP, Hébert M (2013) Collaboration between aboriginal peoples and the Canadian forest sector: a typology of arrangements for establishing control and determining benefits of forestlands. J Environ Manage 115:21–31
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hesseln, H. (2019). Boreal Forests of the Circumpolar World. In: Finger, M., Heininen, L. (eds) The GlobalArctic Handbook. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91995-9_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91995-9_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-91994-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-91995-9
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)