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Epigenetic Response of Plants to Abiotic Stress: Nature, Consequences and Applications in Breeding

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Genetic Enhancement of Crops for Tolerance to Abiotic Stress: Mechanisms and Approaches, Vol. I

Part of the book series: Sustainable Development and Biodiversity ((SDEB,volume 20))

Abstract

Stress is inevitable in the life cycle of living organisms, including plants. Being sessile, plants are more prone to the deleterious effects of environmental stress . Therefore, plants have developed complex mechanisms to survive under these challenging conditions. Tolerance , avoidance, and resistance are the three major strategies followed by plants to counter the recurring biotic and abiotic stresses . These mechanisms involve genes associated with several interconnected pathways, which lead them towards better stress tolerance . Plants resort to various modifications in their morphological traits, physiology, and so forth in response to stress. Modulations in various regulatory mechanisms, including epigenetic modifications, play a pivotal role in developing stress tolerance in plants. These involve changes in either the plant homeostasis or heritable changes in gene expression pattern. The trans-generational changes are brought about, more often, by dynamic changes in epigenetic marks rather than development of stress resistant alleles via gene mutation. A large number of stress resistant transgenics have been developed over the years all over the world. However, the traditional breeding has remained indispensable. Much emphasis has been laid on identification and characterization of stress resistance genes and developing transgenic crop varieties, while the epigenomic aspects have been given less importance. The present chapter focuses on the essential components of epigenetic machinery, different epigenetic alterations involved in conversion of active euchromatin to silent heterochromatin and vice versa during stress, and integration of epigenetic data with breeding programs to devise better strategies towards development of stress resistant crops.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to DBT, Govt. of India for financial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India

    Manoj K. Dhar, Rahul Sharma, Parivartan Vishal & Sanjana Kaul

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  1. Manoj K. Dhar
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  2. Rahul Sharma
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  4. Sanjana Kaul
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Correspondence to Manoj K. Dhar .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Vijay Rani Rajpal

  2. CIMMYT Headquarters, El Batán, Veracruz, Mexico

    Deepmala Sehgal

  3. Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India

    Avinash Kumar

  4. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    S.N. Raina

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Dhar, M.K., Sharma, R., Vishal, P., Kaul, S. (2019). Epigenetic Response of Plants to Abiotic Stress: Nature, Consequences and Applications in Breeding. In: Rajpal, V., Sehgal, D., Kumar, A., Raina, S. (eds) Genetic Enhancement of Crops for Tolerance to Abiotic Stress: Mechanisms and Approaches, Vol. I. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol 20. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91956-0_3

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