Abstract
Jones elaborates on the model and straightforward theory of social capital used throughout this work. The data reveal, with regard to work and voluntary association: Americans who work the most hours have the highest average levels of voluntary association, and non-working Americans have the lowest. Voluntary association is also highest among married Americans with children. Overall, levels of voluntary association have declined over time, however. With regard to youth group membership, there has been a minor decline over time. With regard to socialization, Americans spend more social evenings with friends than in the 1970s, and simultaneously, kin socializing has increased to its highpoint in the 2000s after a decline in the 1980s. Neighbor socializing, however, is in long-term decline.
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Notes
- 1.
Jones, Social Capital in America, op cit., 72.
- 2.
For the main effect of decade, F = 8.231, p < .001; for the main effect of work hours, F = 63.109, p < .001. For the three-way interaction effect of hours upon voluntary association by decade, F = 1.089, p = .367 not significant (n.s.).
- 3.
The Family-centeredness of these particular items was first recommended by Robert Putnam in Bowling Alone, 278.
- 4.
For the main effect of work hours, F = 15.315, p < .001; for the main effect of decade F = 10.045, p < .001.
- 5.
For the main effect of work hours, F = 81.143, p < .001; for the main effect of decade, F = 6.655, p < .001; for the interaction effect, F = 2.201, p = .019.
- 6.
Such direct network measures will be examined in Chap. 10.
- 7.
Technically, the dependent variable in an ANOVA analysis should be truly interval like age or number of siblings. It is judged that this measure is numeric enough to reasonably meet the statistical assumption.
- 8.
For the main effect of work hours, F= 19.483, p < .001; for the main effect of decade, F = 8.573, p < .001.
- 9.
For the main effect of work hours, F = 174.672, p < .001; for the main effect of decade, F = 5.489, p < .001.
- 10.
For the main effect of work hours, F = 8.330, p < .001; for the main effect of decade, F = 10.630, p < .001.
- 11.
For the main effect of decade, F = 47.105, p < .001. The overall mean dropped from 2.778 in the 1970s to 2.381 in the 2000s.
- 12.
For the main effect of work hours, F = 33.472, p < .001; for the interaction effect of work hours and decade, F = 1.184, p = n.s.
- 13.
For the main effect of family structure, F = 58.060, p < .001.
- 14.
For the main effect of decade, F = 5.290, p < .001; for the interaction effect, F = 2.099, p = .050.
- 15.
For the main effect of family structure, F = 129.672, p < .001; for the interaction effect, F = 2.623, p = .015.
- 16.
For the main effect of family structure, F = 32.758, p < .001; for the interaction effect, F = 1.644, p = n.s.; for the main effect of decade, F = 6.209, p < .001.
- 17.
For the main effect of family structure, F = 338.428, p < .001; for the main effect of decade, F = 13.069, p < .001; for the interaction effect, F = 1.586, p = n.s.
- 18.
For the main effect of family structure, F = 785.955, p < .001; for the main effect of decade, F = 4.877, p = .002.
- 19.
For the main effect of family structure, F = 35.344, p < .001; for the main effect of decade, F = 12.988, p < .001.
- 20.
For the main effect of family structure, F = 195.629, p < .001; for the main effect of decade, F = 62.071, p < .001.
Reference
Jones, Brian J. Social Capital in America: Counting Buried Treasure (Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2011).
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Jones, B.J. (2019). The Model of Social Capital. In: Social Capital in American Life. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91180-9_2
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