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Studies on Body Image in Children and Adolescents with Overweight/Obesity

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Body Image, Eating, and Weight

Abstract

Obesity in children and adolescents has been indicated as a risk factor for many disorders, including mental disorders, in adulthood. However, is not obesity per sé that may have a negative impact on psychological health, but the weight bias and the social stigma associated to it. Awareness of the social impact of high body size, and of the societal bias against fat people is present in 2.5 years old children, seems to increase with age and has been reported to be greater in overweight/obese as compared to normal size children and youths, and in preschool girls than in boys. Weight stigmatization is the process that leads to the assignment of people to a category based on their weight and the association to that category of other characteristics that are not related to weight but considered undesirable as well as the overweight. Appearance comparison processes and unfavorable comparisons with others may maintain or increase body dissatisfaction by a feedback loop: overweight and obese children and youths as well as their normal-weight peers form their negative attitudes towards fat people through social comparison processes, which in turn give rise to an increase in their level of body dissatisfaction as they do not conform to the social ideals of beauty.

Sources of weight bias and weight stigmatization have been indicated in parents’, peers’, media’s, and health professionals’ comments. These comments may be cruel and give rise to bullying thus increasing body dissatisfaction and the probability to develop anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and other negative mental health outcomes.

The minority stress model has been proposed for explaining why stigmatized children and adolescents, instead of losing weight for changing the social category they are included in, are more likely to increase their weight further. Within this model weight stigma is a social stressor that directly increases eating and reduces exercise behavior and indirectly affects body weight reducing social relationships and promoting isolation and discrimination.

A change paradigm in the study of body image has been observed with the development of the positive body image construct. Positive body image is a feeling of appreciation of one’s body supposed to promote resistance to the external pressures to conform to the socially shared standard of beauty.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Caterina Lombardo

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  1. Formerly University Sapienza of Rome, Editor-in-Chief of Eating and Weight Disorders, Campiglia Marittima (LI), Italy

    Massimo Cuzzolaro

  2. Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Torino, Italy

    Secondo Fassino

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Lombardo, C. (2018). Studies on Body Image in Children and Adolescents with Overweight/Obesity. In: Cuzzolaro, M., Fassino, S. (eds) Body Image, Eating, and Weight. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90817-5_14

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