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Adolescent Substance Abuse pp 23–65Cite as

A Biological/Genetic Perspective: The Addicted Brain

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Part of the book series: Issues in Children's and Families' Lives ((IICL))

Abstract

Exposure to psychoactive drugs presents a significant health risk during human development, particularly during critical periods of organ and system development. Exposure to psychoactive drugs of abuse can occur postnatally through passive exposure from environmental sources (e.g., tobacco smoke). Developmental exposure to drugs of abuse among children and adolescents has escalated as drugs have become increasingly accessible. This chapter will examine the health risks associated with developmental exposure to psychoactive drugs of abuse. The epidemiology of caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, opiates and therapeutic stimulants exposure will be summarized, and research examining the neurodevelopmental and other health consequences of developmental drug exposure will be reviewed. While it remains difficult to isolate direct causal influences and disentangle the direct effects of drug exposure from indirect effects associated with environmental, social, and cultural influences that are often closely associated with drug exposure, compelling evidence suggests that developmental exposure to drugs of abuse can have both subtle and dramatic effects with important behavioral and societal consequences.

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  1. Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

    Thomas H. Kelly

  2. Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

    Arit Harvanko

  3. College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

    Mark E. Pierce

  4. Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

    Abner O. Rayapati & Catherine A. Martin

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    Carl G. Leukefeld

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    Thomas P. Gullotta

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Kelly, T.H., Harvanko, A., Pierce, M.E., Rayapati, A.O., Martin, C.A. (2018). A Biological/Genetic Perspective: The Addicted Brain. In: Leukefeld, C., Gullotta, T. (eds) Adolescent Substance Abuse. Issues in Children's and Families' Lives. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90611-9_3

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