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Abstract

If one looks at the specifically European understanding of normativity, a history of law emerges, which developed with the passing on of written characters from Mesopotamia via Egypt, Greece, and Rome. This European understanding is shaped in particular by the interlinking of normativity with notions of justice, especially by the Early Church. It was only with the development of world trade in modern times that this conception of law—as an argumentative structure, rather than as a concrete stock of norms—spread throughout the world.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    H. L. A. Hart, The Concept of Law, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961, p. 1.

  2. 2.

    Carl Schmitt, Nehmen, Teilen, Weiden, in: Carl Schmitt, Verfassungsrechtliche Aufsätze aus den Jahren 1924-1954. Materialien zu einer Verfassungslehre, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1973, pp. 489–504.

  3. 3.

    Fritz Loos/Hans-Ludwig Schreiber, Recht, Gerechtigkeit, in: Otto Brunner/Werner Conze/Reinhart Koselleck (eds.), Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe, vol.5, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1984, p. 231.

  4. 4.

    Uwe Wesel, Frühformen des Rechts in vorstaatlichen Gesellschaften, Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp, 1985.

  5. 5.

    Gaius, Institutiones, (1,119), edited by Ulrich Manthe, Texte zur Forschung 81, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2004, p. 79.

  6. 6.

    Publius Iuventius Celsus (D. 1.1.1.), in: Theodor Mommsen et.al. (eds.), Corpus Iuris Civilis, vol.1, Berlin: Weidmann, 1920, p. 20.

  7. 7.

    Ibid., (D.1.3.17), p. 34.

  8. 8.

    Cicero, De legibus, edited by Rainer Nickel, Zürich: Artemis & Winkler, 1994: “lex est ratio summa insita in natura, quae iubet ea quae facienda sunt, prohibetque contraria” (1.18).

  9. 9.

    Mathias Schmoeckel, Jugend der Justitia, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2013.

  10. 10.

    Mathias Schmoeckel, Das Recht der Reformation, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2014.

  11. 11.

    Cf. Wallace S. Johnson, Sui and Tang Dynasties (581-907 c.E.), in: Stanley N. Katz (ed.), The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History, volume 1, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 421–425.

  12. 12.

    Marc Pauka, Kultur, Fortschritt und Reziprozität. Die Begriffsgeschichte des zivilisierten Staates im Völkerrecht, Rheinische Schriften zur Rechtsgeschichte, vol. 16, Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2012.

Literature

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    Google Scholar 

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Schmoeckel, M. (2019). Law. In: Kühnhardt, L., Mayer, T. (eds) The Bonn Handbook of Globality. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90382-8_31

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