Skip to main content

Energy-Utility Analysis of Probabilistic Systems with Exogenous Coordination

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
It's All About Coordination

Abstract

We present an extension of the popular probabilistic model checker \(\textsc {Prism}\) with multi-actions that enables the modeling of complex coordination between stochastic components in an exogenous manner. This is supported by tooling that allows the use of the exogenous coordination language \(\textsc {Reo}\) for specifying the coordination glue code. The tool provides an automatic compilation feature for translating a \(\textsc {Reo}\) network of channels into \(\textsc {Prism}\)’s guarded command language. Additionally, the tool supports the translation of reward monitoring components that can be attached to the \(\textsc {Reo}\) network to assign rewards or cost to activity within the coordination network. The semantics of the translated model is then based on weighted Markov decision processes that yield the basis, e.g., for a quantitative analysis using \(\textsc {Prism}\). Feasibility of the approach is shown by a quantitative analysis of an energy-aware network system example modeled with a role-based modeling approach in \(\textsc {Reo}\).

The authors have been supported by the DFG through the Collaborative Research Center SFB 912 – HAEC, the Excellence Initiative by the German Federal and State Governments (cluster of excellence cfAED), the Research Training Group RoSI (GRK 1907), the DFG-projects BA-1679/11-1 and BA-1679/12-1, and the 5G Lab Germany.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    For further details on the models and experiments, see https://wwwtcs.inf.tu-dresden.de/ALGI/PUB/FA18.

References

  1. Alur, R., Henzinger, T.A.: Reactive modules. Formal Methods Syst. Des. 15(1), 7–48 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Arbab, F.: Reo: a channel-based coordination model for component composition. Math. Struct. Comput. Sci. 14, 329–366 (2004)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Arbab, F., Aştefănoaei, L., de Boer, F.S., Dastani, M., Meyer, J.-J., Tinnermeier, N.: Reo connectors as coordination artifacts in 2APL systems. In: Bui, T.D., Ho, T.V., Ha, Q.T. (eds.) PRIMA 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5357, pp. 42–53. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89674-6_8

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Arbab, F., Chothia, T., van der Mei, R., Meng, S., Moon, Y.J., Verhoef, C.: From coordination to stochastic models of QoS. In: Field, J., Vasconcelos, V.T. (eds.) COORDINATION 2009. LNCS, vol. 5521, pp. 268–287. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02053-7_14

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Arbab, F., Kokash, N., Meng, S.: Towards using Reo for compliance-aware business process modeling. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds.) ISoLA 2008. CCIS, vol. 17, pp. 108–123. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88479-8_9

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Arbab, F., Meng, S., Moon, Y., Kwiatkowska, M.Z., Qu, H.: Reo2MC: a tool chain for performance analysis of coordination models. In: ESEC/SIGSOFT FSE 2009, pp. 287–288. ACM (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Baier, C.: Probabilistic models for Reo connector circuits. J. Univ. Comput. Sci. 11(10), 1718–1748 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Baier, C., Blechmann, T., Klein, J., Klüppelholz, S.: Formal verification for components and connectors. In: de Boer, F.S., Bonsangue, M.M., Madelaine, E. (eds.) FMCO 2008. LNCS, vol. 5751, pp. 82–101. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04167-9_5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Baier, C., Chrszon, P., Dubslaff, C., Klein, J., Klüppelholz, S.: Energy-utility analysis of probabilistic systems with exogenous coordination (extended version) (2018). http://wwwtcs.inf.tu-dresden.de/ALGI/PUB/FA18/

  10. Baier, C., Daum, M., Dubslaff, C., Klein, J., Klüppelholz, S.: Energy-utility quantiles. In: Badger, J.M., Rozier, K.Y. (eds.) NFM 2014. LNCS, vol. 8430, pp. 285–299. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06200-6_24

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Baier, C., Dubslaff, C., Klein, J., Klüppelholz, S., Wunderlich, S.: Probabilistic model checking for energy-utility analysis. In: van Breugel, F., Kashefi, E., Palamidessi, C., Rutten, J. (eds.) Horizons of the Mind. A Tribute to Prakash Panangaden. LNCS, vol. 8464, pp. 96–123. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06880-0_5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Baier, C., Haverkort, B.R., Hermanns, H., Katoen, J.: Model-checking algorithms for continuous-time Markov chains. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 29(6), 524–541 (2003)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Baier, C., Katoen, J.-P.: Principles of Model Checking. MIT Press, Cambridge (2008)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Baier, C., Sirjani, M., Arbab, F., Rutten, J.J.M.M.: Modeling component connectors in Reo by constraint automata. Sci. Comput. Program. 61(2), 75–113 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Baier, C., Wolf, V.: Stochastic reasoning about channel-based component connectors. In: Ciancarini, P., Wiklicky, H. (eds.) COORDINATION 2006. LNCS, vol. 4038, pp. 1–15. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/11767954_1

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Bianco, A., de Alfaro, L.: Model checking of probabilistic and nondeterministic systems. In: Thiagarajan, P.S. (ed.) FSTTCS 1995. LNCS, vol. 1026, pp. 499–513. Springer, Heidelberg (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60692-0_70

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Chrszon, P., Dubslaff, C., Baier, C., Klein, J., Klüppelholz, S.: Modeling role-based systems with exogenous coordination. In: Ábrahám, E., Bonsangue, M., Johnsen, E.B. (eds.) Theory and Practice of Formal Methods. LNCS, vol. 9660, pp. 122–139. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30734-3_10

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Dehnert, C., Junges, S., Katoen, J.-P., Volk, M.: A Storm is coming: a modern probabilistic model checker. In: Majumdar, R., Kunčak, V. (eds.) CAV 2017. LNCS, vol. 10427, pp. 592–600. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63390-9_31

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Forejt, V., Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Parker, D.: Automated verification techniques for probabilistic systems. In: Bernardo, M., Issarny, V. (eds.) SFM 2011. LNCS, vol. 6659, pp. 53–113. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21455-4_3

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Forejt, V., Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Parker, D., Qu, H.: Quantitative multi-objective verification for probabilistic systems. In: Abdulla, P.A., Leino, K.R.M. (eds.) TACAS 2011. LNCS, vol. 6605, pp. 112–127. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19835-9_11

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Forejt, V., Kwiatkowska, M., Parker, D.: Pareto curves for probabilistic model checking. In: Chakraborty, S., Mukund, M. (eds.) ATVA 2012. LNCS, pp. 317–332. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33386-6_25

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Hansson, H., Jonsson, B.: A logic for reasoning about time and reliability. Formal Aspects Comput. 6, 512–535 (1994)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. He, K., Hermanns, H., Chen, Y.: Models of connected things: on priced probabilistic timed Reo. In: 41st IEEE Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 2017), vol. 1, pp. 234–243 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hennicker, R., Klarl, A.: Foundations for ensemble modeling – the Helena approach. In: Iida, S., Meseguer, J., Ogata, K. (eds.) Specification, Algebra, and Software. LNCS, vol. 8373, pp. 359–381. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54624-2_18

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Hermanns, H.: Interactive Markov chains. Ph.D. thesis, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hillston, J.: A compositional approach to performance modelling. Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh, UK (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Jongmans, S.T.Q., Arbab, F.: Overview of thirty semantic formalisms for Reo. Sci. Ann. Comput. Sci. 22(1), 201–251 (2012)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Jongmans, S.-S.T.Q., Santini, F., Sargolzaei, M., Arbab, F., Afsarmanesh, H.: Automatic code generation for the orchestration of web services with Reo. In: De Paoli, F., Pimentel, E., Zavattaro, G. (eds.) ESOCC 2012. LNCS, vol. 7592, pp. 1–16. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33427-6_1

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Kallenberg, L.: Markov Decision Processes. Lecture Notes, University of Leiden (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Kokash, N., Arbab, F.: Formal design and verification of long-running transactions with extensible coordination tools. IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput. 6(2), 186–200 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kokash, N., Krause, C., de Vink, E.: Reo + mCRL2: a framework for model-checking dataflow in service compositions. Formal Aspects Comput. 24(2), 187–216 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Kühn, T., Leuthäuser, M., Götz, S., Seidl, C., Aßmann, U.: A metamodel family for role-based modeling and programming languages. In: Combemale, B., Pearce, D.J., Barais, O., Vinju, J.J. (eds.) SLE 2014. LNCS, vol. 8706, pp. 141–160. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11245-9_8

    Google Scholar 

  33. Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Parker, D.: PRISM 4.0: verification of probabilistic real-time systems. In: Gopalakrishnan, G., Qadeer, S. (eds.) CAV 2011. LNCS, vol. 6806, pp. 585–591. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22110-1_47

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  34. Kwiatkowska, M.Z., Norman, G., Parker, D., Sproston, J.: Performance analysis of probabilistic timed automata using digital clocks. Formal Methods Syst. Des. 29(1), 33–78 (2006)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. Kwiatkowska, M.Z., Norman, G., Segala, R., Sproston, J.: Automatic verification of real-time systems with discrete probability distributions. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 282(1), 101–150 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  36. Li, Y., Zhang, X., Ji, Y., Sun, M.: Capturing stochastic and real-time behavior in Reo connectors. In: Cavalheiro, S., Fiadeiro, J. (eds.) SBMF 2017. LNCS, vol. 10623, pp. 287–304. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70848-5_18

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  37. Marsan, M.A., Balbo, G., Conte, G., Donatelli, S., Franceschinis, G.: Modelling with generalized stochastic Petri nets. SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev. 26(2), 2 (1998)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  38. Moon, Y., Silva, A., Krause, C., Arbab, F.: A compositional model to reason about end-to-end QoS in stochastic Reo connectors. Sci. Comput. Program. 80, 3–24 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Moon, Y.-J., Arbab, F., Silva, A., Stam, A., Verhoef, C.: Stochastic Reo: a case study. In: Workshop on Harnessing Theories for Tool Support in Software (TTSS 2011), pp. 90–105 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Oliveira, N., Silva, A., Barbosa, L.S.: Imc\({}_{\text{ reo }}\): interactive Markov chains for stochastic Reo. J. Internet Serv. Inf. Secur. 5(1), 3–28 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Papadopoulos, G.A., Arbab, F.: Coordination models and languages. Adv. Comput. 46, 329–400 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Parker, D.: Implementation of symbolic model checking for probabilistic systems. Ph.D. thesis, University of Birmingham (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  43. PRISM Manual. http://www.prismmodelchecker.org/manual/

  44. PRISM Language Semantics. http://www.prismmodelchecker.org/doc/semantics.pdf

  45. Proença, J.: Synchronous coordination of distributed components. Ph.D. thesis, Leiden University (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Puterman, M.L.: Markov Decision Processes: Discrete Stochastic Dynamic Programming. Wiley, New York (1994)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  47. The Reo Compiler. https://github.com/ReoLanguage/Reo

  48. Zhu, H., Zhou, M.: Roles in information systems: a survey. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C 38(3), 377–396 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Christel Baier , Philipp Chrszon , Clemens Dubslaff , Joachim Klein or Sascha Klüppelholz .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Baier, C., Chrszon, P., Dubslaff, C., Klein, J., Klüppelholz, S. (2018). Energy-Utility Analysis of Probabilistic Systems with Exogenous Coordination. In: de Boer, F., Bonsangue, M., Rutten, J. (eds) It's All About Coordination. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10865. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90089-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90089-6_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90088-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90089-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics