Abstract
This chapter explores the practice of restorative justice and the concept of social justice and the extent to which these two models can be integrated in transitional justice to shape an integrative model of accountability of child soldiers, encourage their social reintegration and halt the use of child soldiers.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ahmed E (2001) Shame management: regulating bullying. In: Ahmed E, Harris N, Braithwaite J, Braithwaite V (eds) Shame management through reintegration. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 211–311.
Ahmed E, Harris N, Braithwaite J, Braithwaite V (eds) (2001) Shame management through reintegration. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Amnesty International (2000) Child soldiers: criminals or victims?; at: https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/140000/ior500022000en.pdf (17 June 2018).
Andreevska E (2013) Transitional justice and democratic change: key concepts. Lex et Scientia International Journal 20(1):54–64.
Ashworth A, McLaughlin E (2003) Is restorative justice the way forward for criminal justice? In: McLaughlin E, Fergusson R, Hugues G, Westmarland L (eds) Restorative Justice. Critical Issues. Sage Publications, London, pp 164–181.
Australian Bureau of Statistics (2016) Prisoners in Australia; at: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/4517.0~2016~Main%20Features~Prisoner%20characteristics,%20Australia~4 (27 June 2018).
Baaz ME, Verweijen J (2013) The volatility of a half-cooked bouillabaisse: Rebel–military integration and conflict dynamics in the eastern DRC. African Affairs 112(449):563–582.
Bangura AK (2008) The Politics of the struggle to resolve the conflict In Uganda: Westerners pushing their legal approach versus Ugandans insisting on their Mato Oput. Journal of Pan African Studies 2(5):142–178.
Bonta J, Jesseman R, Rugge T, Cormier R (2008) Restorative justice and recidivism: promises made, promises kept? In: Sullivan D, Tifft L (eds) Handbook of restorative justice. Routledge, London, pp 108–120.
Braithwaite J (2002) Restorative justice and responsive regulation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Braithwaite J (2003) Restorative justice and social justice. In: McLaughlin E, Fergusson R, Hugues G, Westmarland L (eds) Restorative justice: critical issues. Sage Publications, London, pp 157–163.
Braithwaite J (2015) Paralegals changing lenses. Restorative Justice 3(3):311–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/20504721.2015.1109332.
Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers (2008) Child soldiers Global Report; at: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/Child_Soldiers_Global_Report_Summary.pdf (4 October 2014).
Crawford A, Clear TR (2003) Community justice: transforming communities through restorative justice? In: McLaughlin E, Fergusson R, Hugues G, Westmarland L (eds) Restorative justice: critical issues. Sage Publications, London, pp 215–229.
Davis L (2009) Justice-sensitive security system reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Initiative for Peacebuilding (Brussels), https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-DRC-Justice-Security-2009-English.pdf. (17 June 2018).
De Gruchy JW (2002) Reconciliation: restoring justice. Fortress Press, Minneapolis.
Dignan J (2005) Understanding victims and restorative justice. Crime and justice. Open University Press, Maidenhead.
Dignan J (2011) Juvenile justice, criminal courts and restorative justice. In: Johnstone G, Ness DWV (eds) Handbook of restorative justice. Routledge, London, pp 269–291.
Dorf MC, Sabel CF (1998) A constitution of democratic experimentalism. Columbia Law Review (Suppl.):267–473.
Dorf MC, Sabel CF (2000) Drug treatment courts and emergent experimentalist government. Vanderbilt Law Review 53(Suppl.):829.
Fletcher LE, Weinstein HM (2002) Violence and social repair: rethinking the contribution of justice to reconciliation. Human Rights Quarterly 24(3):573–639.
Gabbay ZD (2005) Justifying restorative justice: a theoretical justification for the use of restorative justice practices. Journal of Dispute Resolution 2(Suppl.): 349–397.
Gibson JL (2002) Truth, justice, and reconciliation: Judging the fairness of amnesty in South Africa. American Journal of Political Science 46(3):540–556. https://doi.org/10.2307/3088398.
Groh A (2011) Restorative justice: a healing approach to elder abuse. In: Elliot E, Gordon RM (eds) New directions in restorative justice: Issues, practice, evaluation. Routledge, London, pp 175–192.
Honwana A (2006) Child soldiers in Africa. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
Jourdan L (2011) Mayi-Mayi: young Rebels in Kivu, DRC. Africa Development 36:89–112.
Kiyala JCK (2015) Challenges of Reintegrating Self-Demobilised Child Soldiers in North Kivu Province: Prospects for Accountability and Reconciliation via Restorative Justice Peacemaking Circles. Human Rights Review 16(12):99–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-015-0361-7.
Lanni A (2005) Future of community justice. Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 40(Suppl.):359–405.
Latimer J, Dowden C, Muise D (2005) The effectiveness of restorative justice practices: A meta-analysis. The Prison Journal 85(2):127–144.
Merten M (2012) Zuma frees non-violent prisoners early. IOL News, April 28 2012 at 08:56am; at: http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/zuma-frees-non-violent-prisoners-early-1.1285484#.UeZn9I21Gqk (17 July 2013).
Morrison B (2011) Restorative justice in schools. In: Elliott E, Gordon RM (eds) New directions in restorative justice: Issues, practice, evaluation. Routledge, London, pp 26–52.
Negara K (2012) Bitter Root: two former Lord’s Resistance Army commanders seek tribal justice in order to be granted atonement for their crimes. Al Jazeera. 28 Jun 2012 06h36 GMT; at: http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/witness/2011/10/20111012152024670219.html (30 January 2015).
NewDaily T (2016) Prison population in Australia has climbed; at: http://thenewdaily.com.au/news/national/2016/02/18/australian-prison-population/ (14 July 2017).
Noll D (2003) Peacemaking: practicing at the intersection of law and human conflict. Cascadia Publishing House, Telford.
Orentlicher DF (1991) Settling accounts: the duty to prosecute human rights violations of a prior regime. The Yale Law Journal 100(8):2537–2615.
Orentlicher DF (2007) ‘Settling accounts’ revisited: reconciling global norms with local agency. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(1):10–22.
Packer HL (1964) Two models of the criminal process. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 113(1):1–68.
Parmar S, Roseman MJ, Siegrist S, Sowa T (2010) Children and transitional justice: truth-telling, accountability and reconciliation. In: Annex I. Human Rights Program at Harvard Law School. Harvard University Press, Boston.
Pranis K, Stuart B, Wedge M (2003) Peacemaking circles: From crime to community. Living Justice Press, Minnesota.
Quinn JR What of reconciliation? traditional mechanisms of acknowledgement in Uganda. In: Reconciliation, a conference held by the Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict Research Centre on 14–15 May 2005, the University of Western Ontario.
Roach K (1999a) Due process and victims’ rights: the new law and politics of criminal justice. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
Roach K (1999b) Four models of the criminal process. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 89(2):671–716.
Robinson M (2015) What is social justice? Appalachian State University. Department of Government and Justice Studies.
Servaes S, Birtsch N (2008) Engaging with victims and perpetrators in transitional justice and peace building processes. In: Workshop Report by the Working Group on Development and Peace (FriEnt). KOFF Swisspeace. 12–13 February 2008, Bonn. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Frieden und Entwicklung (FriEnt): Initiative for Peacebuilding, pp 1–24.
Seymour C (2011) Selective outrage: the dangers of children’s DDR in eastern DRC. In: Vignard K, McRae R (eds) Children and conflict: Disarmament forum. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, Geneva, pp 57–66.
Shapland J, Robinson G, Sorsby A (2011) Restorative justice in practice: evaluating what works for victims and offenders. Routledge, London.
Sherman LW, Strang H (2013) Restorative justice: the evidence. In: Johnstone G (ed) A restorative justice reader, vol 2. Routledge, London, pp 292–319.
Simons M (2016) Dominic Ongwen, Ugandan Rebel Leader, Denies Charges at ICC Trial. The New York Times; at: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/06/world/africa/dominic-ongwen-uganda-rebel-hague-icc.html (16 July 2016).
Skelton A (2002) Restorative justice as a framework for juvenile justice reform: a South African perspective. British Journal of Criminology 42(3):496–513.
South African Government (2016) Correctional services; at: http://www.gov.za/about-government/government-system/justice-system/correctional-services (14 July 2017).
Stauffer C (2013) Restorative interventions for postwar nations. In: Wormer KSv, Walker L (eds) Restorative justice today: practical applications. Sage, Los Angeles, pp 195–204.
Stearns JK (2014) Causality and conflict: tracing the origins of armed groups in the eastern Congo. Peacebuilding 2(2):157–171.
Stuart B, Pranis K (2008) Peacemaking circles: reflections on principal features and primary outcomes. In: Sullivan D, Tifft L (eds) Handbook of restorative justice. Routledge, London, pp 121–132.
Thakur M (2008) Demilitarising militias in the Kivus (eastern Democratic Republic of Congo). African Security Studies 17(1):51–67.
Theissen G (2004) Supporting justice, co-existence and reconciliation after armed conflict: strategies for dealing with the past. In: Austin A, Fischer M, Ropers N (eds) Transforming Ethnopolitical Conflict. Springer, Wiesbaden, pp 421–440.
Tyler TR (2006) Restorative justice and procedural justice: dealing with rule breaking. Journal of Social Issues 62(2):307–326.
Tyler TR, Boeckmann RJ, Smith HJ, Huo YJ (1997) Social justice in a diverse society (book abstract). Westview Press, Boulder.
Umbreit MS, Coates RB, Vos B (2002) The impact of restorative justice conferencing: A review of 63 empirical studies in 5 countries. University of Minnesota Center for Restorative Justice and Peacemaking, School of Social Work, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Villa-Vicencio C (2008) Transitional justice, restoration and prosecution. In: Sullivan D, Tifft L (eds) Handbook of restorative justice. Routledge, London, pp 387–400.
Vlassenroot K (2001) Violence et constitution de milices dans l’est du Congo: Le cas des mayi-mayi. L’Afrique des Grands Lacs, Annuaire 2002(Suppl.):115–152.
Walgrave L (2011a) Integrating criminal justice and restorative justice. In: Johnstone G, Ness DWV (eds) Handbook of restorative justice. Routledge, London, pp 559–579.
Walgrave L (2011b) Towards restoration as the mainstream in youth justice. In: Elliott E, Gordon RM (eds) New directions in restorative justice. Routledge, London, pp 3–25.
Walker L (2013) Restorative justice for victims without offender participation. In: van Wormer KS, Walker L (eds) Restorative justice today. Sage, Los Angeles, pp 33–42.
Wessells M (2006) Child soldiers: from violence to protection. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Williams T (2016) U.S. Correctional Population at Lowest Level in Over a Decade. The New York Times; at: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/29/us/us-prison-population.html (19 July 2017).
World Prison Brief (2016) South Africa. World Prison Brief data; at: http://www.prisonstudies.org/country/south-africa (14 July 2017).
Zehr H (2002) The little book of restorative justice. Good Books, Pennsyvania.
Zehr H, Mika H (2003) Fundamental concepts of restorative justice. In: McLaughlin E, Fergusson R, Hugues G, Westmarland L (eds) Restorative justice: critical issues. Sage Publications, London, pp 40–43.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kiyala, J.C.K. (2019). An Integrative Approach to Child Soldiering Accountability. In: Child Soldiers and Restorative Justice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90071-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90071-1_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90070-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90071-1
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)