Abstract
Background: Person-centered care sciences are experiencing rapid progress. Personalization in care services is becoming the norm, and implementation from scientific knowledge is increasingly acknowledged and mandated. Advances in personality and brain disorder research are crucial in assisting the future development of personalized care. Aim: We will attempt to present glimpses into the future of personalized care with support from frontline science, measurement, and practice, updating with input from personality genetics and measurement theory. Outline: We present three broad developments: (1) scientific advancements in understanding how personality and genetics are central in predicting mental health and disorders, with the potential to increase predictive diagnosis and treatment validity; (2) measurement advancements with help of trait dimensions and latent structures, with the potential to increase reliability in assessing personalized care needs and functioning; (3) practical advancements in implementing a personalized approach in care services, with the potential to increase effectiveness and satisfaction with patients. We review this glimpse into the future by referencing key findings in personality and assessment meta-analyses, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and trait measurements in psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: Personalizing care services will benefit practitioners and patients. We suggest and recommend that personalized care diagnosis and treatment is the way forward and that the future will be potentially revolutionized by incorporating the presented advancements in personality research and brain sciences.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allen, T. A., & Deyoung, C. G. (2017). Personality neuroscience and the five factor model. In T. Widiger (Ed.), Oxford handbook of the five factor model (pp. 319–352). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.001.0001
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author.
Anusic, I., & Schimmack, U. (2016). Stability and change of personality traits, self-esteem, and well-being: Introducing the meta-analytic stability and change model of retest correlations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110(5), 766–781. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000066
Bach, B., Sellbom, M., Kongerslev, M., Simonsen, E., Krueger, R. F., & Mulder, R. T. (2017). Deriving ICD-11 personality disorder domains from DSM-5 traits: Initial attempt to harmonize two diagnostic systems. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 136, 108–117. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12748
Briley, D. A., & Tucker-drob, E. M. (2014). Genetic and environmental continuity in personality development: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 140(5), 1303–1331. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037091
Bulik-Sullivan, B., Finucane, H. K., Anttila, V., Gusev, A., Day, F. R., Consortium, R., … Neale, B. M. (2015). An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits. bioRxiv, 47(11), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1101/014498
Caspi, A., Houts, R. M., Belsky, D. W., Goldman-Mellor, S. J., Harrington, H., Israel, S., … Moffitt, T. E. (2014). The p factor: One general psychopathology factor in the structure of psychiatric disorders? Clinical Psychological Science, 2(2), 119–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702613497473
Chabris, C. F., Lee, J. J., Cesarini, D., Benjamin, D. J., & Laibson, D. I. (2015). The fourth law of behavior genetics. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(4), 304–312.
Cuijpers, P., Smit, F., Penninx, B. W., de Graaf, R., ten Have, M., & Beekman, A. T. (2010). Economic costs of neuroticism: A population-based study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(10), 1086–1093. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.130
Deary, I. J., Batty, G. D., Pattie, A., & Gale, C. R. (2008). More intelligent, more dependable children live longer: A 55-year longitudinal study of a representative sample of the Scottish nation. Psychological Science, 19(9), 874–880. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02171.x
Deary, I. J., Pattie, A., & Starr, J. M. (2013). The stability of intelligence from age 11 to age 90 years: The Lothian birth cohort of 1921. Psychological Science, 24(12), 2361–2368. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613486487
Dubois, J., & Adolphs, R. (2016). Building a science of individual differences from fMRI. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(6), 425–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.03.014
Garcia, D., Lundström, S., Brändström, S., Råstam, M., Cloninger, C. R., Kerekes, N., … Anckarsäter, H. (2013). Temperament and Character in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS): Comparison to the general population, and genetic structure analysis. PLoS One, 8(8), e70475. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070475
Garcia, G., Archer, T., & Kostrzewa, R. M. (2017). Personality and brain disorders. New York, NY: Springer.
Hill, W. D., Arslan, R. C., Xia, C., Luciano, M., Amador, C., Navarro, P., ... & Deary, I. J. (2018). Genomic analysis of family data reveals additional genetic effects on intelligence and personality. Molecular psychiatry, 23(12), 2347–2362.
Hill, W. D., Davies, G., McIntosh, A. M., Gale, C. R., & Deary, I. J. (2017). A combined analysis of genetically correlated traits identifies 107 loci associated with intelligence. BioRxiv, 160291.
Hill, W. D., Hagenaars, S. P., Marioni, R. E., Harris, S. E., Liewald, D. C., Davies, G., … Deary, I. J. (2016). Molecular genetic contributions to social deprivation and household income in UK Biobank. Current Biology, 26(22), 3083–3089. https://doi.org/10.1101/043000
Kajonius, P. J. (2017a). The short personality inventory for DSM-5 and its conjoined structure with the common five-factor model. International Journal of Testing, 17(4), 372–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/15305058.2017.1309421
Kajonius, P. (2017b). Five factor model-based personality disorders across sex and age-groups (N = 320,128). 107th annual meeting of the American Psychopathological Association, March 2–4, 2017 Crowne Plaza, Times Square, New York, USA.
Kajonius, P., & Dåderman, A. (2017). Conceptualizations of personality disorders with the five-factor model-count and empathy traits. International Journal of Testing, 17(2), 141–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/15305058.2017.1279164
Kajonius, P., & Kazemi, A. (2016). Cost and satisfaction trends in Swedish elderly home care. Home Health Care Management & Practice, 28(4), 250–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1084822316646353
Kajonius, P., Kazemi, A., & Tengblad, S. (2015). Organizing principles and management climate in high-performing municipal elderly care. Leadership in Health Services, 29(1), 82–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHS-06-2015-0018
Kajonius, P. J., & Carlander, A. (2017). Who gets ahead in life? Personality traits and childhood background in economic success. Journal of Economic Psychology, 59, 164–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2017.03.004
Kajonius, P. J., & Kazemi, A. (2015). Safeness and treatment mitigate the effect of loneliness on satisfaction with elderly care. The Gerontologist, 56(6), 928–936. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu170
Kajonius, P. J., & Mac Giolla, E. (2017). Personality across nations: Support for similarities rather than differences. PLoS One, 12(6), e0179646. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179646
Kajonius, P. J., Persson, B. N., Rosenberg, P., & Garcia, D. (2016). The (mis)measurement of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen: Exploitation at the core of the scale. PeerJ, 4, e1748. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1748
Kandler, C., & Zapko-Willmes, A. (2017). Genetic and environmental variance in personality characteristics. In J. Specht (Ed.), Personality development across the lifespan. New York, NY: Academic Press.
Kazemi, A., & Kajonius, P. (2016). Variations in user-oriented elderly care: A multi-level approach. International Journal of Quality and Service Science, 29, 162. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHCQA-03-2015-0040
Kazemi, A., & Kajonius, P. J. (2015). User-oriented elderly care: A validation study in two different settings using observational data. Quality in Ageing and Older Adults, 16(3), 140–152. https://doi.org/10.1108/QAOA-08-2014-0013
Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., Bagby, R. M., … Eaton, N. R. (2017). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(4), 454. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000258
Krueger, R. F. (2013). Personality disorders are the vanguard of the post-DSM-5.0 era. Personality Disorders, 4(4), 355–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000028
Krueger, R. F., & DeYoung, C. G. (2016). The RDoC initiative and the structure of psychopathology. Psychophysiology, 53, 351–354. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12551
Lilienfeld, S. O., & Treadway, M. T. (2016). Clashing diagnostic approaches: DSM-ICD versus RDoC. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12(1), 435–463. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093122
Markon, K. E., Chmielewski, M., & Miller, C. J. (2011). The reliability and validity of discrete and continuous measures of psychopathology: A quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 137(5), 856–879. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023678
Markon, K. E., Krueger, R. F., & Watson, D. (2005). Delineating the structure of normal and abnormal personality: An integrative hierarchical approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.139
Miller, J. D., Bagby, R. M., Pilkonis, P. A., Reynolds, S. K., & Lynam, D. R. (2005). A simplified technique for scoring DSM-IV personality disorders with the five-factor model. Assessment, 12(4), 404–415. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105280987
Okbay, A., Baselmans, B. M. L., De Neve, J.-E., Turley, P., Nivard, M. G., Fontana, M. A., … Cesarini, D. (2016). Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses. Nature Genetics, 48, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3552
Persson, B. (2014). Personality neuroscience and dark values. Master’s thesis. University of Skövde Press, Skövde, Sweden.
Persson, B., & Kajonius, P. (2016). Empathy and universal values explicated by the empathy-altruism hypothesis. The Journal of Social Psychology, 156(6), 610–619. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2016.1152212
Persson, B., & Kajonius, P. (2017). Methodological challenges in studying personality across multiple levels of explanation. In D. Garcia, T. Archer, & R. M. Kostrzewa (Eds.), Personality and brain disorders (p. 2017). New York, NY: Springer.
Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., Knopik, V. S., & Neiderhiser, J. M. (2016). Top 10 replicated findings from behavioral genetics. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615617439
Polderman, T. J. C., Benyamin, B., de Leeuw, C. A., Sullivan, P. F., van Bochoven, A., Visscher, P. M., & Posthuma, D. (2015). Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fifty years of twin studies. Nature Genetics, 47, 702–709. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3285
Sharma, S., Powers, A., Bradley, B., & Ressler, K. (2016). Gene x environment determinants of stress- and anxiety-related disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 67(1), 239–261. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033408
Strachan, E., Duncan, G., Horn, E., & Turkheimer, E. (2016). Neighborhood deprivation and depression in adult twins: Genetics and gene×environment interaction. Psychological Medicine, 47, 627–638. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716002622
Visscher, P. M., Wray, N. R., Zhang, Q., Sklar, P., Mccarthy, M. I., Brown, M. A., & Yang, J. (2017). 10 Years of GWAS discovery: Biology, function, and translation. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 101(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.06.005
Waszczuk, M. A., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C., Gamez, W., & Watson, D. (2017). Hierarchical structure of emotional disorders: From individual symptoms to the spectrum. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(5), 613–634. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000264
Weinberger, D. R., & Goldberg, T. E. (2014). RDoCs redux. World Psychiatry, 13(1), 36–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20096
Wong, K. M., & Cloninger, C. R. (2010). A person-centered approach to clinical practice. Focus, 8(2), 199–215. https://doi.org/10.1176/foc.8.2.foc199
Wright, A. G. C., & Simms, L. J. (2014). On the structure of personality disorder traits: Conjoint analyses of the CAT-PD, PID-5, and NEO-PI-3 trait models. Personality Disorders, 5(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000037
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kajonius, P.J. (2019). The Future of Personalized Care: Scientific, Measurement, and Practical Advancements in Personality and Brain Disorders. In: Garcia, D., Archer, T., Kostrzewa, R.M. (eds) Personality and Brain Disorders. Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90065-0_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90065-0_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90064-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90065-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)