Abstract
The chapter analyses to what extent a prime minister can shape public debate as an opinion leader and contribute to his position as a predominant prime minister. In order to do so it is helpful to analyse (a) his public statements on an issue and (b) their coverage by the media. In this chapter this is done by taking a single example for each of the four prime ministers with reference to a specific European monetary policy event or initiative.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The Internet is not addressed here as it only from the 1990s became an increasingly used source of political information. Moreover, a study from 2007 found that even then only around 10% of British people with Internet access used it to gather political information (Gavin 2007: 5).
- 2.
In the case of the Independent and the Daily Mail (for the Blair case study) the Sunday editions (Independent on Sunday and Mail on Sunday) were researched as well, as they are included in the Nexis database.
- 3.
The following keywords were used: Callaghan: ‘Callaghan and Brussels’, ‘Callaghan and EMS’, ‘Callaghan and Europe’, ‘European and Summit’ and ‘Prime Minister and Europe’. Keywords Thatcher: ‘Delors Report’, ‘ERM’, ‘Madrid Summit’, ‘Thatcher and EMS’, ‘Thatcher and EMU’, ‘Thatcher and Madrid’. Keywords Major: ‘European Council’, ‘Major and EMU’, ‘Major and Maastricht’, ‘Major and Single Currency’, ‘opt out’. Keywords Blair: ‘EMU and Blair’, ‘Euro and Blair’, ‘National Changeover Plan’ and ‘Single Currency’.
- 4.
Newspaper reports on the perspectives of other actors such as EC member states, European institutions or the domestic opposition with regard to the prime ministerial statements or the events/initiatives in question were not included in the analysis. Press reports only mentioning the issue of the case studies but focusing on different topics were also excluded.
- 5.
A European Council meeting in Blair’s case would have been preferable for better comparability of the cases. But as the government in 1997 announced that the UK would not yet join the euro (which it confirmed in 2003), there were no European Council’s between 1997 and 2007 at which questions of European monetary policy were discussed which were relevant to the UK to the same degree as was the case at the summits selected for the other three case studies.
- 6.
Other articles in the published time period not considered here covered the position of other member states and Labour party committees on EMS/ERM and technical questions on the EMS without reference to the government’s stance on the issue.
- 7.
Financial Times (1978), Why we should join the EMS, 1 December 1978. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 8.
Financial Times (1978), On the Road to EMS, 27 November 1978. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 9.
Financial Times (1978), On the Road to EMS, 27 November 1978. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 10.
Financial Times (1978), A divided Europe, 7 December 1978. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 11.
Brittan, S. (1978), The architects of a two-tier Europe, Financial Times, 7 December 1978. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 12.
Rutherford, M. (1978), A time of uncertainty, Financial Times, 8 December 1978. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 13.
Financial Times (1978), Italy decides to join the EMS, 13 December 1978. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 14.
Financial Times (1978), Italy decides to join the EMS, 13 December 1978. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 15.
Further articles published in the time period not covered here addressed the position on the EMS by e.g. the British chambers of commerce or the parliamentary budget committee.
- 16.
Further articles published in the time period not considered here addressed Thatcher’s EMS stance and that of Labour party bodies, e.g. the Labour executive’s international and home policy committees.
- 17.
Another article published in the time period not included here considered the EMS view by opposition politician Enoch Powell.
- 18.
Apart from the Delors report on EMU, the summit also discussed the plan to give the European Community a social dimension. This analysis only covers EMU.
- 19.
Further articles published in the time period not considered here covered the issues discussed at the summit from the perspective of the other European states, other British politicians, industry and academia.
- 20.
Financial Times (1989), Isolation in Madrid, 23 June 1989. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 21.
Financial Times (1989), Isolation in Madrid, 23 June 1989. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 22.
Financial Times (1989), Isolation in Madrid, 23 June 1989. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 23.
Financial Times (1989), Spain enters the ERM, 19 June 1989. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 24.
Financial Times (1989), Isolation in Madrid, 23 June 1989. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 25.
Stephens, P. (1989), Thatcher ceases to thump the table over monetary union, Financial Times. 27 June 1989. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 26.
Financial Times (1989), Compromise in Madrid, 28 June 1989. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 27.
Davidson, I. (1989), Clear path for European Community emerges through the fog, Financial Times, 29 June 1989. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 28.
Davidson, I. (1989), Clear path for European Community emerges through the fog, Financial Times, 29 June 1989. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 29.
Stephens, P. (1989), Thatcher pledges to counter Delors plan, Financial Times, 30 June 1989. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 30.
Financial Times (1989), Mrs Thatcher and the Emu, 1 July 1989. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 31.
Financial Times (1989), EC legal limits on British sovereignty, 3 July 1989.
- 32.
Further articles published in the analysed time period not considered here, covered the topics of the summit from the perspective of the other European states, the European Commission, other British politicians and companies. At the beginning of the time period the paper also addressed the outcome of the European elections.
- 33.
Further articles published in the time period not considered here dealt with the Conservative’s results at the European election and with the position of the other member states, business associations and the opposition on the topics of the summit. There were also a few overview articles marginally covering the Madrid summit.
- 34.
Further articles published in the analysed time period not considered here dealt with the bad European election outcome for the Conservatives and with the stance of the opposition and other European actors on the summit’s topics.
- 35.
Further articles published in that time period not considered here dealt with the position of others on the issues like Commission President Delors and the discussion of a social dimension of the EC.
- 36.
In the following analysis his statement on the treaty and the press coverage 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after the summit are studied focusing on EMU.
- 37.
Further articles published in the analysed time period not considered here covered the negotiations on European social policy, the views of the other EC countries and the opposition on EMU and Major’s negotiating style in general.
- 38.
Mauthner, R. (1991), The persistent odd man out, Financial Times, 4 December 1991. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 39.
Davidson, I. (1991), New era for EC family, Financial Times, 3 December 1991. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 40.
Mauthner, R. (1991), The persistent odd man out, Financial Times, 4 December 1991. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 41.
Brittan, S. (1991), A victory, but not quite a triumph, Financial Times, 12 December 1991. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 42.
Brittan, S. (1991), A victory, but not quite a triumph, Financial Times, 12 December 1991. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 43.
Davidson, I. (1991), Hollow victory for Britain as it launches two-tier Europe, Financial Times, 12 December 1991. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 44.
Davidson, I. (1991), Hollow victory for Britain as it launches two-tier Europe, Financial Times, 12 December 1991. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 45.
Brittan, S. (1991), A victory, but not quite a triumph, Financial Times, 12 December 1991. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 46.
Further articles published in the analysed time period not considered here very marginally related to the negotiations or reported on other topics of the treaty e.g. social policy. The views of the opposition, other EC members and the British public on the issues were addressed, too.
- 47.
Further articles published in the time period not considered here dealt with the Social Chapter and other issues of the treaty. They also covered the negotiation stance of other EC member states, the interpretation of opinion poll data concerning the government’s European policy and the role of the Foreign Office in European policy.
- 48.
Further articles published in the time period not considered here were on the Social Chapter discussions and the negotiating position of other European politicians or other heads of government and state. It also referred to public opinion polls on Major and his performance and Thatcher’s view of the negotiation results.
- 49.
Further articles published in the time period not considered here covered the discussion on European social policy, the British industry’s stance on EMU and Thatcher’s view of the negotiation outcome.
- 50.
Additional reports published in the analysed time period not considered here addressed technical questions on the use of the euro by departments and industry. There were also articles on the views of the opposition, European institutions, lobby groups and specific branches of industry and reports on opinion polling on the question of euro membership, which were not addressed here.
- 51.
Financial Times (1999), On euro tiptoe, 22 February 1999. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 52.
Peston, R. (1999), Pressure over the euro may force Blair off the fence, Financial Times, 11 February 1999. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 53.
Peston, R. (1999), Blair will unveil UK route to EMU entry, Financial Times, 23 February 1999. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 54.
Peston, R. (1999), Blair will unveil UK route to EMU entry, Financial Times, 23 February 1999. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 55.
Peston, R. & Brown, K. (1999), Blair lays groundwork for euro changeover, Financial Times, 24 February 1999. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 56.
Financial Times (1999), Mr. Blair nails his euro to the mast, 24 February 1999. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 57.
Stephens, P. (1999), Liberated by Europe, Financial Times, 26 February 1999. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 58.
Financial Times (1999), Mr. Blair nails his euro to the mast, 24 February 1999. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 59.
Financial Times (1999), Unileverage, 24 February 1999. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 60.
Stephens, P. (1999), Liberated by Europe, Financial Times, 26 February 1999. Used under licence from the Financial Times. All Rights Reserved.
- 61.
Further articles in the time period not covered here addressed public opinion on euro membership and the opposition’s stance on it (inside parliament and outside in the form of anti-euro groups).
- 62.
Further articles published in the time period not considered here covered the position of anti-euro-groups, the opposition and assessments of the plan by industry representatives and reports on the views of other media outlets.
- 63.
Further articles published in the time period not considered here covered the views of anti-euro-groups and the opposition. Others dealt with the state of the euro which had been introduced that year.
- 64.
Further articles published in the analysed time period not considered here related to the position of the opposition, business, anti-euro-groups and citizens on euro membership.
References
Aitken, I. (1978, December 7). Callaghan flies patriot’s flag over Commons. The Guardian.
Aitken, I. (1991, December 13). The Maastricht litmus test. The Guardian.
Alexander, A. (1978, December 5). One bank note that we can all live without… Daily Mail.
Alexander, A. (1989a, June 19). The duel dividing Downing Street. Daily Mail.
Alexander, A. (1989b, June 27). Maggie puts the rest on the spot. Daily Mail.
Alexander, A. (1989c, June 28). No need to flap about EMU now. Daily Mail.
Alexander, A. (1999a, February 23). Needless preparations for euro would waste billions. Daily Mail.
Alexander, A. (1999b, February 26). Selling out for price of a euro. Daily Mail.
Bevins, A. (1989, June 30). Summit ‘has bought time to work on union’. The Independent.
Brittan, S. (1978a, November 30). EMS: missed chances and false traits. Financial Times.
Brittan, S. (1978b, December 7). The architects of a two-tier Europe. Financial Times.
Brittan, S. (1989, June 29). Don’t sell Madrid short. Financial Times.
Brittan, S. (1991, December 12). A victory, but not quite a triumph. Financial Times.
Brown, K. (1999, February 25). Questions left unanswered on costs and attitudes. Financial Times.
Brown, K., & Sanghera, S. (1999, February 24). Changeover plan sets out ‘critical path’ for transition. Financial Times.
Buchan, D. (1991, December 2). Denmark leaves UK in the lurch on opt-out. Financial Times.
Buchan, D., & Stephens, P. (1991, December 2). UK isolated on single currency opt-out clause. Financial Times.
Buchan, D., Bruce, P., & Davidson, I. (1989, June 24). Thatcher faces pressure over economic union. Financial Times.
Butler, D., & Butler, G. (2006). British political facts since 1979. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Butler, D., & Sloman, A. (1980). British political facts 1900–1979 (5th ed.). London: Macmillan.
Cole, P. (2007, August 27). The paradox of the pops. The Guardian.
Coyle, D., & Waugh, P. (1999, February 22). Spending ban on euro poll. The Independent.
Daily Mail. (1991a, December 9). The only bandwagon that’s on the move.
Daily Mail. (1991b, December 12). Good for Europe, great for Britain.
Daily Mail. (1999a, February 23). Treat the people as grown ups.
Daily Mail. (1999b, February 27). The widening chasm in British politics.
Daily Mail. (1999c, March 1). Positive thinking to save the pound.
Davidson, I. (1989, June 29). Clear path for European Community emerges through the fog. Financial Times.
Davidson, I. (1991a, December 3). New era for EC family. Financial Times.
Davidson, I. (1991b, December 12). Hollow victory for Britain as it launches two-tier Europe. Financial Times.
Deans, J. (1989a, June 29). Who did win at the Euro summit? Daily Mail.
Deans, J. (1989b, June 30). The worst is over on inflation, says jubilant Maggie. Daily Mail.
Deans, J., & Doughty, S. (1991, December 2). Major puts nation before party over Europe. Daily Mail.
Dickie, J. (1978a, December 4). Jim faces squeeze. Daily Mail.
Dickie, J. (1978b, December 5). And Jim comes under market pressure. Daily Mail.
Dickie, J. (1978c, December 7). How the French let Jim off the hook. Daily Mail.
Doughty, S. (1991, December 4). Britain wins the F-word battle. Daily Mail.
Doughty, S., & Greig, G. (1991, December 3). Fight to salvage Euro treaty. Daily Mail.
Elliott, L. (1999, March 1). Let’s not get stitched up in currency briefs. The Guardian.
Elliott, L., & Atkinson, M. (1999, February 24). Fast-track to euro in Britain. The Guardian.
Financial Times. (1978a, November 25). Government not ready to decide whether it is in Britain’s best interest to join.
Financial Times. (1978b, November 27). On the road to EMS.
Financial Times. (1978c, December 1). Why we should join the EMS.
Financial Times. (1978d, December 7). A divided Europe.
Financial Times. (1978e, December 13). Italy decides to join the EMS.
Financial Times. (1989a, June 19). Spain enters the ERM.
Financial Times. (1989b, June 23). Isolation in Madrid.
Financial Times. (1989c, June 28). Compromise in Madrid.
Financial Times. (1989d, July 1). Mrs Thatcher and the Emu.
Financial Times. (1989e, July 3). EC legal limits on British sovereignty.
Financial Times. (1991, December 12). Multi-speed move to union.
Financial Times. (1999a, February 22). On euro tiptoe.
Financial Times. (1999b, February 24). Mr. Blair nails his euro to the mast.
Financial Times. (1999c, February 24). Unileverage.
Gavin, N. T. (2007). Press and television in British politics: Media, money and mediated democracy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Glover, S. (1999, March 9). Forgive my glee at Germany’s jitters. Daily Mail.
Goodman, E., & Riddell, P. (1978, November 24). MPs will get chance to vote before final EMS decision. Financial Times.
Goodwin, S. (1989, June 30). Thatcher claims EC support over monetary union. The Independent.
Greig, G., & Deans, J. (1991, December 12). Major, Master of the House. Daily Mail.
Greig, G., & Doughty, S. (1991, December 11). Major wins by a knock-out! Daily Mail.
Grice, A. (1999, February 12). Ministers are told to take pro-euro line. The Independent.
Grice, A., & Coyle, D. (1999, February 24). Blair gears up to ditch the pound. The Independent.
HC Deb. (1978, December 6), Vol 959, cc1421–1438.
HC Deb. (1989, June 29), Vol 155, cc1109–1124.
HC Deb. (1991, December 11), Vol 200, cc859–878.
HC Deb. (1999, February 23), Vol 326, cc179–196.
Hoggart, S. (1978a, November 25). EMS terms ‘must suit Britain’. The Guardian.
Hoggart, S. (1978b, December 7). Lending authors some token support. The Guardian.
Hughes, D. (1999, February 24). Prepare to kill the £. Daily Mail.
Huhne, C. (1991, December 15). Opting out will never be an option. The Independent.
Hutton, W. (1991a, December 11). Major wins quest for opt-out on single European currency. The Guardian.
Hutton, W. (1991b, December 11). Monetary milestone reached on Europe’s two-speed road. The Guardian.
Jenkins, P. (1978a, December 1). PM given a blank cheque. The Guardian.
Jenkins, P. (1978b, December 5). Joining the poker game without any cards. The Guardian.
Jenkins, P. (1978c, December 6). Sunny Jim all smiles amid wreckage. The Guardian.
Jenkins, P. (1978d, December 7). Giscard—A new tune or just the old French fiddle. The Guardian.
Jenkins, P. (1989a, June 20). Lessons of defeat for Mrs Thatcher. The Independent.
Jenkins, P. (1989b, June 27). Prime minister signals a clever compromise on EMS. The Independent.
Jenkins, P. (1989c, June 28). Third time lucky for Britain in Europe. The Independent.
Jenkins, P. (1991, December 12). Major’s each-way bet pays off. The Independent.
Johnson, P. (1989, June 26). A battle that has Maggie baffled. Daily Mail.
Johnson, P. (1991, December 12). Now he can score a home victory. Daily Mail.
Johnson, P. (1999, February 24). This is the biggest con-trick in history. Daily Mail.
Kavanagh, T. (1991a, December 9). Delors blasts PM’s ‘shame’ over F-word. The Sun.
Kavanagh, T. (1991b, December 12). How Major played the winning hand in Europe. The Sun.
Kavanagh, T. (1999a, February 20). We’re diving into cauldron of discontent. The Sun.
Kavanagh, T. (1999b, February 24). Our rights are not Blair’s to give away. The Sun.
Kavanagh, T. (1999c, February 25). You say no to euro by 15-1. The Sun.
Kavanagh, T., & Black, E. (1991, December 10). ‘F’ off. The Sun.
Kay, J. (1989, June 28). So what the ‘eck does an ECU mean? The Sun.
Keegan, W., & Stephens, R. (1978, December 10). L’Entente de Giscard et Jim. The Guardian.
Kelly, R., & Elliott, L. (1991, December 9). Germany calls the monetary tune. The Guardian.
Kemp, D. (1989a, June 27). Just listen! I’m fighting for Britain. The Sun.
Kemp, D. (1989b, June 28). Maggie wins time to save the pound. The Sun.
Kennedy, E. (1978, December 16). Euro-cash fear for ‘odd man out’ Britain. Daily Mail.
Knewstub, N. (1989, June 30). PM ‘bought time on Delors report’. The Guardian.
Littlejohn, R. (1991, December 12). Dud match. The Sun.
Littlejohn, R. (1999, March 9). Warning: Pro euro demo, no traffic delays expected. The Sun.
MacIntyre, D. (1991, December 8). Playing for high stakes at Maastricht. The Independent.
Marsh, D. (1978, November 23). Britain and Italy find common ground on EMS. Financial Times.
Marshall, A. (1991, December 10). Single currency comes a step closer. The Independent.
Marshall, A., & Usborne, D. (1991, December 10). ECU likely to take over by 1999. The Independent.
Massie, A. (1999, March 3). We’re all doomed but not inevitably. Daily Mail.
Mauthner, R. (1991, December 4). The persistent odd man out. Financial Times.
Mayring, P. (2010). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse (11th ed.). Weinheim: Beltz Verlag.
McElvoy, A. (1999, February 24). Mr Blair remains a cautious soul—And not without good reason. The Independent.
McNair, B. (1999). An introduction to political communication (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
Milner, M. (1989, June 24). Bite the sugar-coated bullet, Mrs Thatcher. The Guardian.
Neil, A. (1999, March 9). To the north, separatists seek to dismember the country. To the south, federalists conspire to turn us into a province of Euroland. We must win this Battle for Britain… and to do it we must, above all, have faith in ourselves. Daily Mail.
Palmer, J. (1978, November 23). Premier seeks halfway house deal on EMS. The Guardian.
Palmer, J. (1989, June 28). Coming home weaker but not wiser. The Guardian.
Palmer, J. (1991, December 11). EC unites on historic treaty with Britain in the slow lane. The Guardian.
Palmer, J., & Hooper, J. (1989, June 27). Thatcher sets out terms for entry into EMS. The Guardian.
Peston, R. (1999a, February 11). Pressure over the euro may force Blair off the fence. Financial Times.
Peston, R. (1999b, February 23). Blair will unveil UK route to EMU entry. Financial Times.
Peston, R. (1999c, February 24). Government comes of age with euro pledge. Financial Times.
Peston, R. (1999d, February 25). Sterling will not shadow euro, says PM. Financial Times.
Peston, R., & Brown, K. (1999, February 24). Blair lays groundwork for euro changeover. Financial Times.
Rawnsley, A. (1989, June 30). Thatcher finds herself mistress of a new lingo. The Guardian.
Rees-Mogg, W. (1989, June 27). Listen to the young to steer clear of the political rocks. The Independent.
Rees-Mogg, W. (1991, December 16). The Euro-dodo that was too stupid and fat to fly. The Independent.
Reid, J. (1989, June 27). Euro-money is our best bet. The Sun.
Riddell, P. (1978, November 23). Treasury attacked for failing to reveal EMS impact. Financial Times.
Rutherford, M. (1978, December 8). A time of uncertainty. Financial Times.
Seymour-Ure, C. (2002). New Labour and the media. In A. King (Ed.), Britain at the polls, 2001 (pp. 117–142). New York: Chatham House.
Shrimsley, A. (1978a, December 1). Britain misses the money train. The Sun.
Shrimsley, A. (1978b, December 8). How Britain won last place. The Sun.
Stephens, P. (1989a, June 27). Thatcher ceases to thump the table over monetary union. Financial Times.
Stephens, P. (1989b, June 30). Thatcher pledges to counter Delors plan. Financial Times.
Stephens, P. (1999, February 26). Liberated by Europe. Financial Times.
Sutcliffe, T. (1999, February 24). On a momentous day for our island race, Blair turns up. The Independent.
Sylvester, R. (1999, February 28). Can they save the pound? The Independent on Sunday.
Temple, M. (2008). The British press. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Terry, W. (1978a, December 4). Lone-wolf Jim in big euro crunch. The Sun.
Terry, W. (1978b, December 5). Britain gets the bird at Euro talks. The Sun.
Terry, W. (1978c, December 6). Big Jim comes up all smiles! The Sun.
The Guardian. (1978, November 29). Half-way to a better Europe.
The Guardian. (1989a, June 20). Spain’s conquest.
The Guardian. (1989b, June 26). Bulldog tantrums not in order.
The Guardian. (1989c, June 28). A defeat with the seeds of victory.
The Guardian. (1989d, July 11). Inflation may threaten EC monetary union.
The Guardian. (1999a, February 24). Going for the euro.
The Guardian. (1999b, February 24). Introducing Euro-Blair.
The Independent. (1989a, June 26). Crossing rubicons at Madrid.
The Independent. (1989b, June 28). Spanish rhetoric.
The Independent. (1991a, November 28). Lonely future on the margin.
The Independent. (1991b, November 29). Nothing to fear but fear itself.
The Independent. (1991c, December 11). A classic British error.
The Independent. (1991d, December 12). Maastricht summit.
The Independent. (1991e, December 12). A triumph, despite the legacy.
The Independent. (1999a, February 24). Fine words, but a change of tone does not a policy make.
The Independent. (1999b, March 1). Come on, Mr Blair: Call a referendum on the euro now.
The Sun. (1978a, December 7). Relegation.
The Sun. (1978b, December 13). Blow to Britain over Euro money.
The Sun. (1989a, June 26). Keep up the fight, Mrs T!
The Sun. (1989b, June 29). Still champ.
The Sun. (1991a, November 30). PM ‘won’t be bullied’.
The Sun. (1991b, December 12). Come the hour, come the man!
The Sun. (1991c, December 12). How Britain succeeded at Maastricht.
The Sun. (1999a, February 20). Is Blair taking us for granted?
The Sun. (1999b, February 24). This thing is bigger than both of us...
The Sun. (1999c, February 25). People power.
The Sun. (1999d, March 6). This is our finest hour.
Thompson-Noel, M. (1991, December 14). A turning point—Or maybe not. Financial Times.
Usborne, D., & Cottrell, R. (1989, June 22). The loser at the summit. The Independent.
Usborne, D., Bevins, A., & Lambert, S. (1991a, December 2). UK isolated on right to opt out of one currency. The Independent.
Usborne, D., Lambert, S., Helm, S., Bevins, A., Torday, P., & Marshall, A. (1991b, December 6). Economic Union: How EMU works. The Independent.
Waterhouse, K. (1999, February 25). A hundred yard start in the euro race. Daily Mail.
Watkins, A. (1999, February 28). Blair wants a fait accompli, not a poll. The Independent on Sunday.
White, M. (1978, December 2). Whitehall reassures EEC on Euro-cash. The Guardian.
White, M. (1989, June 30). Thatcher alert against ‘Paris-Bonn domination’. The Guardian.
White, M. (1991, December 12). Tories hail Major triumph. The Guardian.
White, M., & Elliott, L. (1999, February 24). Blair ‘crosses the rubicon’ towards Euroland. The Guardian.
White, M., Ward, L., & MacAskill, E. (1999, February 20). Euro timetable to be shortened. The Guardian.
Wilson-Smith, P. (1989, June 27). Currency system which challenges nations to curb inflation. The Independent.
Woosey, B. (1978, December 16). Jim’s left in the lurch. The Sun.
Young, H. (1989, June 29). The devil’s advocate bows to reality. The Guardian.
Young, H. (1991, December 12). Sub plot of the social chapter. The Guardian.
Young, H. (1999, February 24). Caesar Blair casts the die and there’s no going back. The Guardian.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bujard, B. (2019). Prime Ministerial Political Communication and Media Management in European Monetary Policy. In: The British Prime Minister in the Core Executive. Contributions to Political Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89953-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89953-4_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-89952-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-89953-4
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)