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Structural and Functional Changes in Skin of the Diabetic Foot

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The Diabetic Foot

Part of the book series: Contemporary Diabetes ((CDI))

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Abstract

Diabetes, especially type 2, is characterized by systemic inflammation. At the skin level, there is increased infiltration by inflammatory cells and polarization of the macrophages toward the M1 inflammatory type. In addition, there is increased expression of MMP-9 and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B). Other dermatologic conditions include acanthosis nigricans, characterized by a hyperpigmented, velvety, cutaneous thickening that appears predominantly in the neck, axilla, and groin areas; necrobiosis lipoidica (NL), a chronic, necrotizing, granulomatous skin disease; granuloma annulare; diabetic bullae; and diabetic dermopathy. As these conditions can be present in the lower extremity, they should be sought and easily recognized by the health care providers who manage the diabetic lower extremity.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Burns Center of Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China

    YongJun Zheng MD, PhD

  2. Burns Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China

    Bin Shu MD, PhD

  3. Endocrinology Department, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

    Jianfang Fu MD, PhD

  4. Diagnostic Histopathology Centre, Pathology, Serres, Greece

    Antonios Kafanas MD

  5. The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics Research Director, Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Aristidis Veves MD, DSc

Authors
  1. YongJun Zheng MD, PhD
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  2. Bin Shu MD, PhD
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  3. Jianfang Fu MD, PhD
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  4. Antonios Kafanas MD
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  5. Aristidis Veves MD, DSc
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aristidis Veves MD, DSc .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Rongxiang Xu, MD, Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School Director, The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics Research Director, Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Aristidis Veves

  2. Chief, Division of Podiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Associate Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Co-director, Joslin-Bl Deaconess Diabetic Foot Center Consultant, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA

    John M. Giurini

  3. Associate Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Raul J. Guzman

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Zheng, Y., Shu, B., Fu, J., Kafanas, A., Veves, A. (2018). Structural and Functional Changes in Skin of the Diabetic Foot. In: Veves, A., Giurini, J., Guzman, R. (eds) The Diabetic Foot. Contemporary Diabetes. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89869-8_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89869-8_11

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  • Publisher Name: Humana, Cham

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-89869-8

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