Abstract
In landfill applications, compacted sand-bentonite mixtures are often used for constructing hydraulic barriers. This paper studies the valorization of local materials containing calcareous sand, tuff obtained from Laghouat region, to associate with bentonite in order to improve their hydraulic characteristics for use as landfill liner material. Firstly, a geotechnical characterization of mixtures chooses from a fixed percentage to 10% bentonite and daren’t percentages of calcareous sand and tuff so that they are complementary to 90% (by not 10%). Thereafter, the hydraulic characteristics study was conducted through free swelling test and the oedometric (Kid, indirect measure) test of all compacted mixtures have been carried out using both permeates by tap water and a landfill leachate in order to simulate long-term conditions. The results showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of landfill leachate is relatively lower than the one saturated by tap water. The B10CS20T70 mixture has satisfied the hydraulic conductivity criterion of bottom barriers and relatively stable against chemical attack from leachate (i.e. with water permeated: G(%) = 12.21% and kid from 7.10−9 to 1.83.10−10 < 10−9m/s; with leachate permeated: G(%) = 10.42% and kid from 7.10−9 at 1.44.10−10 < 10−9 m/s). Finally, a comparison between direct measurements of the saturated hydraulic conductivity by triaxial (Kd) test and oedometer test (Kid) in the range of effective stress applied 100–800 kPa led to propose equations of correlations between these two methods. In conclusion, adopted formulation B10CS20T70 perfectly meets the regulatory requirements in force and constitutes an economic product based on available local materials for engineers barriers.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abeele, W.V.: The influence of Bentonite on the permeability of sandy silt. Nucl. Chem. Waste Manag. 6, 81–88 (1986)
AFNOR NF P 94-048: Sols: reconnaissance et essais - Détermination de la teneur en carbonate - Méthode du calcimètre. Paris (1996)
AFNOR XP P94-090-1: Sols: reconnaissance et essais - Essai oedométrique - Partie 1: essai de compressibilité sur matériaux fins quasi saturés avec chargement par paliers (1997)
Cowland, J.W., Leung, B.N.: Bentonite landfill liner. Waste Manage. Res. 9, 277–291 (1990)
Dakshanamurthy, V.: A new method to predict swelling using a hyperbolic equation. Geotech. Eng. 14, 79–87 (1978)
Demdoum, A., Gueddouda, M.K., Goual, I., Benabed, B.: Geotechnical characterization of geomaterial blends with bentonite of Maghnia for use as landfill liners. J. Materials Process. Environ. 4, 48–54 (2016)
Demdoum, A., Gueddouda, M.K., Goual, I.: Effect of water and leachate on hydraulic behavior of compacted bentonite, calcareous sand and tuff mixtures for use as landfill liners. Geotech. Geol. Eng. 2017(35), 2677–2696 (2017)
Direction generale des mines: Bilan des activites minieres, Edition 2010 (2009)
Dutta, J., Mishra, A.K.: Consolidation behaviour of bentonites in the presence of salt solutions. Appl. Clay Sci. 120, 61–69 (2016)
Fan, R.D., Du, Y.J., Liu, S.Y., Chen, Z.B.: Compressibility and hydraulic conductivity of sand/clay–bentonite backfills. In: Reddy, K.R., Shen, S.J. (eds.) Geo-Shanghai 2014: Geoenvironmental Engineering ASCE GSP, vol. 241, pp. 21–30. ASCE, Reston (2014)
Francisca, F., Glatstein, D.A.: Long term hydraulic conductivity of compacted soils permeated with landfill leachate. Appl. Clay Sci. 2010(49), 187–193 (2010)
Goual, I.: Comportement mécanique et hydrique d’un mélange de tuf et de sable calcaire de la région de Laghouat: Ph.D. Thesis. University of Telmcen, Algérie (2012)
Gueddouda, M.K., Goual, I., Benabed, B., et al.: Hydraulic properties of dune sand-bentonite mixtures of watertight barriers for hazardous waste facilities. J. Rock Mechan. Geotech. Eng. 8(4), 541–550 (2016)
Imaizumi, S., Wataru, M., Takahashi, N., Doi, Y.: Estimation of critical ratio of bentonite addition to tuff sand. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage. 11, 299–304 (2009)
Ishiguro, M.: Soil permeability as affected by repulsive potential energy. In: 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World, Brisbane, Australia, 1–6 August 2010
Kaufhold, S., Dohrmann, R.: The pH of aqueous bentonite suspensions. Clays Clay Miner. 56, 338–343 (2008)
Lade, P.V.: Triaxial Testing of Soils. Wiley, West Sussex (2016)
Li, B., Li, L., Grace, J.R.: Adsorption and hydraulic conductivity of landfill-leachate perfluorinated compounds in bentonite barrier mixtures. J. Environ. Manage. 156, 236–243 (2015)
Li, J.S., Xue, Q., Wang, P.: Influence of leachate pollution on mechanical properties of compacted clay: a case study on behaviors and mechanisms. Eng. Geol. 167, 128–133 (2013)
Madsen, F.T.: Clays and synthetic liners-durability against pollutant attack. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, New Delhi, vol. 5, pp. 287–288 (1994)
Ministry of Planning, Environment and Tourism (MPET) of Algeria: Technicians Guide for the management of municipal waste and assimilated (2013). Available: http://www.mate.gov.dz
Mishar, A.K., Masami, O., Loretta, Y.L., Takahiro, H., Junboum, P.: Controlling factors of the swelling of various bentonites and their correlations with the hydraulic conductivity of soil-bentonite mixtures. Appl. Clay Sci. 52, 78–84 (2011)
Montanez, J.E.C.: Suction and volume changes of compacted sand-bentonite mixtures. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, London (2002)
Romero, E.: A microstructural insight into compacted clayey soils and their hydraulic properties. Eng. Geol. 165, 3–19 (2013)
Ruhl, J.L.: Effects of leachates on the hydraulic conductivity of GCLs, M.S. Thesis, Texas Univ., Austin, p 226 (1994)
Sivapullaiah, P.V., Sridharan, A., Stalin, V.K.: Swelling behaviour of soil bentonite mixtures. Can. Geotech. J. 33(5), 808–814 (1996)
Souli, H., Fleureau, J.M., Trabelsi, A.M., Besnard, M.: Physicochemical analysis of permeability changes in the presence of zinc. Geoderma 145(1–2), 1–7 (2008)
Studds, P., Stewart, D., Cousens, T.: The effects of salt solutions on the properties of bentonite-sand mixtures. Clay Miner. 33(4), 651–660 (1998)
Sun, D., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, L.: Swelling characteristics of GMZ bentonite and its mixtures with sand. Appl. Clay. Sci. 83–84, 224–230 (2013)
VanGulck, J.F., Rowe, R.K.: Evolution of clog formation with time in columns permeated with synthetic landfill leachate. J. Contam. Hydrol. 75(1), 115–139 (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Demdoum, A., Gueddouda, M.K., Goual, I., Berkak, H. (2018). Effect of Liquid Type on the Hydraulic Characteristic of Compacted Local Geomaterials for Use as Hydraulic Barriers. In: Abdelbaki, B., Safi, B., Saidi, M. (eds) Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Materials and Sustainable Development. SMSD 2017. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89707-3_51
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89707-3_51
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-89706-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-89707-3
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)