Skip to main content

A Pathways Model Approach for Traumatic Brain Injury

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 717 Accesses

Abstract

The incidence of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) has increased in recent years, now comprising 2.5 million emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and deaths each year in the United States. TBI is frequently a chronic condition with persisting symptoms and disability. This chapter presents a case study in which self-hypnosis, hypnosis-assisted psychotherapy, and palliative care strategies were provided within a multi-modal integrative treatment program for a 38-year-old woman with TBI secondary to motor vehicle accident. Self-hypnosis was helpful in anxiety reduction and pain management. Hypnosis-assisted psychotherapy was beneficial in desensitizing many post-traumatic memories, and in managing post-concussion pain, including neuropathic pain and post-traumatic migraine headaches. A variety of palliative care techniques and spiritual interventions were applied to enhance sleep, moderate cognitive deficits, and enhance quality of life.

This chapter is adapted with permission of the Annals of Palliative Care from a previous version that appeared as: D. Moss (2018), I hurt so: Hypnotic interventions and palliative care for traumatic brain injury. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 7(1),151–158.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The device used was a David Paradise® device, from Mind Alive, Ltd., in Calgary.

  2. 2.

    Possible adverse effects of audio-visual entrainment were discussed with the patient. Strobe lights can trigger onset of migraine or seizure, usually at faster frequencies. The patient agreed to trials of the AVE device in the office. In her case neither the protocol for sleep onset nor the protocol used later in her treatment for daytime alertness triggered any adverse effects.

References

  • Ayers, M. E. (1999). Assessing and treating open head trauma, coma, and stroke using real-time digital EEG neurofeedback. In J. R. Evans & A. Abarbanel (Eds.), Introduction to quantitative EEG and neurofeedback (pp. 203–222). New York: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., & Beamesderfer, A. (1974). Assessment of depression: The depression inventory. Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry, 7, 151–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Report to congress on traumatic brain injury in the United States: Epidemiology and rehabilitation. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/pdf/tbi_report_to_congress_epi_and_rehab-a.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Rates of TBI-related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths — United States, 2001–2010. Atlanta, GA: CDC. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/data/rates.html

    Google Scholar 

  • Crasilneck, H. B., & Hall, J. A. (1985). Clinical hypnosis: Principles and applications (2nd ed.). Orlando, FL: Grune & Stratton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Family Caregiver Alliance (2011). Incidence and prevalence of the major causes of brain impairment. Website of the Family Caregiver Alliance. Retrieved from https://www.caregiver.org/incidence-and-prevalence-major-causes-brain-impairment

    Google Scholar 

  • Fydrich, T., Dowdall, D., & Chambless, D. L. (1992). Reliability and validity of the Beck anxiety inventory. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 6(10), 55–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGrady, A., & Moss, D. (2013). Pathways to illness, pathways to health. New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang, H.-Y., Vitiello, M. V., Perlis, M., Mao, J. J., & Riegel, B. (2014). A pilot study of audio visual stimulation as a self-care treatment for insomnia in adults with insomnia and chronic pain. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 39(3–4), 219–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, H.-Y., Riegel, B., McCurry, S., & Vitiello, M. (2016). Open-loop audio-visual stimulation (AVS): A useful tool for management of insomnia. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 41(1), 39–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tellegen, A., & Atkinson, G. (1974). Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences (absorption), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83(3), 268–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, J. L., & Smith, M. (2015). Neurofeedback for traumatic brain injury: Current trends. Biofeedback, 43(1), 31–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, K. E., & Carmody, D. P. (2008). Efficacy of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: Interventions of QEEG-guided biofeedback, computers, strategies, and medications. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 33, 101–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Dixhoorn, J., & Duivenvoorden, H. J. (1985). Efficacy of Nijmegen questionnaire in recognition of the hyperventilation syndrome. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 29, 199–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Laureys, S., & Faymonville, M.-E. (2015). The use of hypnosis in severe brain injury rehabilitation: A case report. Acta Neurologica Belgica, 115(4), 771–772. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-015-0459-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • WHO. (2006). Neurological disorders: Public health challenges. Publication of the World Health Organization (NLM classification: WL 140). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mental_health/neurology/neurological_disorders_report_web.pdf

  • Yapko, M. D. (2012). Trancework: An introduction to the practice of clinical hypnosis (4th ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

McGrady, A., Moss, D. (2018). A Pathways Model Approach for Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Integrative Pathways. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89313-6_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics