Abstract
Water is a key factor for the socio-economic development of human societies as it is the main element for human and ecosystems survival, and it plays a major role in different economic activities, such as agricultural irrigation, energy, industrial production and environmental preservation. Various natural and man-made factors, such as regional and temporal water variability, physical or economic water scarcity, are sources of potential water conflicts between neighbouring countries sharing common surface and groundwater resources. In this chapter, starting with the study of water variability, both in space and time, the concept of water security in transboundary river catchments is analysed. This means that countries sharing the same surface and groundwater resources should ensure enough water in all circumstances, such as those of low flows and minimise the risk of flooding when water exceeds the carrying capacity of the flood ways. Water security should be ensured not only under seasonal and regional water variability but also under climate change, which generates hydrologic instabilities, i.e. the frequent occurrence of maximum and minimum extreme flows.
When the well is dry, we know the worth of water.
Benjamin Franklin, Founding father of the US
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Ganoulis, J., Fried, J. (2018). Transboundary Water Security. In: Transboundary Hydro-Governance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78625-4_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78625-4_2
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