Synovial Fluid Evaluation

Abstract

Of the various fluids of the body, those found in the joints and articular surfaces of the bones, synovial fluid has the greatest impact in nourishing and in maintaining movement of the joints. A significant number of medical conditions involve the synovial fluids, where pain during movement, whether caused by infection or cartilage destruction, relates to involvement of this vital fluid. A small number of test procedures are available for determining any pathological conditions that may occur relative to the joints and the presence of synovial fluid.

Immunological responses where fluid buildup occurs as a response to inflammation may require aspiration of a sample to determine the course of treatment. Parathyroid hormones regulate the level of calcium of the blood and may affect joints where synovial fluid is found. Gout and other arthritic diseases will also require testing of synovial fluids. Synovial fluid should be sterile and contain a small number of essential components that allow for normal lubrication. If any of these processes are altered, there may be evidence in the synovial fluid that correlates with the disease process.