Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Botulinum Toxin for Special Conditions: Gummy Smile – Advanced Points and Indications

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Procedures

Abstract

The lips are multifunctional structures, both physiologically and aesthetically. The physician who aesthetically treats the lips should become familiar with the functional anatomy of this important structure. Minor changes in shape, mobility, or lip size are easily identified, either positively or negatively. Likewise, the exposure of the teeth during the smile is directly related to the way the person is recognized or interpreted by others. Beauty patterns change over time, but a beautiful smile is timeless.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Klein AW. Dilution and storage of botulinum toxin. Dermatol Surg. 1998;24:1179–80.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Alam M, Bolotin D, Carruthers J, Hexsel D, Lawrence N, Minkis K, Ross EV. Consensus statement regarding storage and reuse of previously reconstituted neuromodulators. Dermatol Surg. 2015;41(3):321–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Karsai S, Raulin C. Current evidence on the unit equivalence of different botulinum neurotoxin A formulations and recommendations for clinical practice in dermatology. Dermatol Surg. 2009;35(1):1–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Giordano CN, Matarasso SL, Ozog DM. Injectable ant topical neurotoxins in dermatology: basic science, anatomy, and therapeutic agents. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;76(6):1013–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Sobanko JF, Miller CJ. Alster. Topical anesthetics for dermatologic procedures: a review. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38(5):709–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Suber JS, Dinh TP, Prince MD, Smith PD. OnabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of a “gummy smile”. Aesthet Surg J. 2014;34(3):432–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Nasr MW, Jabbour SF, Sidaoui JA, Haber RN, Kechichian EG. Botulinum toxin for the treatment of excessive gingival display: a systematic review. Aesthet Surg J. 2016;36(1):82–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Carruthers J, Fagien S, Matarasso SL. Consensus recommendations on the use of botulinum toxin type a in facial aesthetics. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;114(6 Suppl):1S–22S.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Mazzuco R, Hexsel D. Gummy smile and botulinum toxin: a new approach based on the gingival exposure area. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;63(6):1042–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ascher B, Talarico S, Cassuto D, et al. International consensus recommendations on the aesthetic usage of botulinum toxin type A (Speywood Unit)–Part II: Wrinkles on the middle and lower face, neck and chest. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24(11):1285–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Klein AW. Contraindications and complications with the use of botulinum toxin. Clin Dermatol. 2004;22(1):66–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Levy LL, Emer JJ. Complications of minimally invasive cosmetic procedures: prevention and management. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2012;5(2):121–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Sadiq SA, Khwaja S, Saeed SR. Botulinum toxin to improve lower facial symmetry in facial nerve palsy. Eye (Lond). 2012;26(11):1431–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Private Practice, Carazinho, RS, Brazil

    Rosemarie Mazzuco

  2. ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, SP, Brazil

    Beatrice Martinez Zugaib Abdalla

  3. 2nd Year Resident of Internal Medicine at FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil

    Beatrice Martinez Zugaib Abdalla

Authors
  1. Rosemarie Mazzuco
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Beatrice Martinez Zugaib Abdalla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), Tenured International Professor and Mentor for PhD and MSc Programs, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Adilson Da Costa

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Mazzuco, R., Abdalla, B.M.Z. (2020). Botulinum Toxin for Special Conditions: Gummy Smile – Advanced Points and Indications. In: Costa, A. (eds) Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Procedures . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78265-2_36

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78265-2_36

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-78264-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-78265-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation