Skip to main content

Building Behaviorally Healthy Relationships Between Children and Dogs

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Children, Dogs and Education

Abstract

Behaviorally healthy relationships between children and dogs are characterized by reciprocal trust, respect and affection that result in a secure attachment bond. Statistics gathered by leading organizations and self-report data collected from families suggest three themes related to the expectations for family dogs. The first theme is “for the children,” meaning that dogs frequently are brought into the home to please a child, so we use children’s words about the “nicest dog they know” to describe what they regard as the ideal canine companion. The second theme is that adults hope that children and dogs will “grow up together,” so we discuss children’s ways of being with their dogs. A third theme is that parents/guardians expect that a dog will “teach responsibility” to a child, so we share insights from adults and children on the behaviors that exemplify this. The chapter concludes with the perspective that achieving a secure bond between a child and a dog is not a happy accident; rather, it is the product of thoughtful decision-making and careful supervision of child-canine interactions that demands an investment of emotions, time, effort, education, and finances

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Pediatrics Association. (2016). Dog bite prevention tips 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2017, from https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/news-features-and-safety-tips/Pages/Dog-Bite-Prevention-Tips-2016.aspx.

  • American Pet Product Association (2013–2014). Pet industry market size and owner statistics. Retrieved from http://americanpetproducts.org/press_industrytrends.asp.

  • American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. (2017). ASPCA pet statistics. Retrieved March 30, 2017, from ASPCA Pet Statistics http://www.aspca.org/animal-homelessness/shelter-intake-and-surrender/pet-statistics.

  • Aron, A., Aron, E. N., Tudor, M., & Nelson, G. (1991). Close relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 241–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, Z. G., Petit, W. E., & Brown, C. M. (2016). An investigation of the Rusbult investment model of commitment in relationships with pets. Anthrozoös, 29(2), 193–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bao, K. J., & Schreer, G. (2016). Pets and happiness: Examining the association between pet ownership and wellbeing. Anthrozoös, 29(2), 283–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergman, L. (2006). Ensuring a behaviorally healthy child-pet relationship. Retrieved April 15, 2017, from http://veterinarymedicine.dvm360.com/ensuring-behaviorally-healthy-pet-child-relationship.

  • Borgi, M., & Cirulli, F. (2016, March 8). Pet face: Mechanisms underlying human-animal relationships. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. Retrieved April 21, 2017, from http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00298/full.

  • Broom, D. M. (2016). Considering animals’ feelings: Précis of sentience and animal welfare. Animal Sentience, 5(1), Retrieved April 1, 2017, from http://animalstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&context=animsent.

  • Budge, R. C., Spicer, J., Jones, B., & George, R. S. (1998). Health correlates of compatibility and attachment in human-companion animal relationships. Society & Animals, 6(3), 219–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlisle, G. K. (2014). Pet dog ownership decisions for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 29(2), 114–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, T., Cooper, J., & Mills, D. (2013). Acculturation: Perceptions of breed differences in the behavior of the dog (Canis familiaris). Human-Animal Interaction Bulletin, 1(2), 16–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, T., Mills, D., & Cooper, J. (2016). “Type” as central to perceptions of breed differences in behavior of domestic dog. Society & Animals, 24(5), 467–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cole, M., & Stewart, K. (2016). Our children and other animals: The cultural construction of human-animal relations in childhood. New York: Routlege.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, J. (2016). Empathy through animals: Generating evidence-based outcomes for empathy development. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 67(4), 43–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunbar. I. (2017). Bite Assessment Scale. Retrieved April 15, 2017, from http://www.dogtalk.com/BiteAssessmentScalesDunbarDTMRoss.pdf.

  • Farm Animal Welfare Council. (2009). Farm animal welfare in Great Britain: Past, present, and future. London: National Archives.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fielder, J. (2013). Shelters and sanctuaries. In D. Tutu & A. Linzey (Eds.), The global guide to animal protection (pp. 133–135). Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fielding, W. J. (2015). Dogs: A continuing and common neighborhood nuisance of New Providence, The Bahamas. Society & Animals, 16(1), 61–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fine, A. H., & Beck, A. (Eds.). (2015). Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Foundations and guidelines for animal-assisted interventions (4th ed.). Waltham, MA: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fine, A. H., Dennis, A. L., & Bowers, C. (2011). Incorporating animal-assisted interventions in therapy with boys at risk. In C. Haen (Ed.), Engaging boys in treatment: Creative approaches to the therapy process (pp. 115–133). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, R., & Gee, N. R. (2016). Changing conceptions of care. Society & Animals, 24(2), 107–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friedmann, E., Son, H., & Saleem, M. (2015). In A. H. Fine (Ed.). Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Foundations and guidelines for animal-assisted interventions (4th ed., pp. 73–88). Waltham, MA: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, A. C. (2016). The place of the dog in the family. Society & Animals, 24(3), 289–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrison, L., & Weiss, E. (2015). What do people want? Factors people consider when acquiring dogs, the complexity of the choices they make, and implications for nonhuman animal relocation programs. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 18(1), 57–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghirlanda, S., Acerbi, A., & Herzog, H. (2014, September 10). Dog movie stars and dog breed popularity: A case study in media influence on choice. PLoS One, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106565.

  • Greenebaum, J. B. (2010). Training dogs and training humans: Symbolic interaction and dog training. Anthrozoös, 22, 129–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herzog, H. (2006). Forty-two thousand and one Dalmatians: Fads, social contagion, and dog breed popularity. Society and Animals, 14(4), 383–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoarding of Animals Research Consortium, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University (2017). FAQs. Retrieved March 21, 2017, from https://vet.tufts.edu/hoarding/faqs-hoarding/.

  • Hunthausen, W. (2015). A better walk: Training dogs NOT to lunge, growl, and pull on leash. Veterinary Medicine, 110(1), 15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jalongo, M. R. (2013). Teaching compassion: Humane education in early childhood. New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jegatheesan, B. (2015). Influence of cultural and religious factors on attitudes toward animals. In A. H. Fine (Ed.), Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Foundations and guidelines for animal-assisted interventions (4th ed., pp. 37–51). Waltham, MA: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kidd, A. H., & Kidd, R. M. (1989). Factors in adults’ attitudes toward pets. Psychological Reports, 65(3), 903–910.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwan, J. Y. (2013). Owner attachment and problem behaviors related to relinquishment and training techniques of dogs. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 16(2), 168–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2013.768923.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marston, L. C., Bennett, P. C., & Coleman, G. J. (2005). Adopting shelter dogs: Owner experiences of the first month post-adoption. Anthrozoös, 18(4), 358–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martens, P., Ender-Slegers, M., & Walker, J. (2016). The emotional lives of companion animals: Attachment and subjective claims by owners of cats and dogs. Anthrozoös, 29, 73–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melson, G. F. (2001). Why the wild things are: Animals in the lives of children. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miklosi, A., & Topal, J. (2013). What does it take to become “best friends”? Evolutionary changes in canine social competence. Trends in Cognitive Science, 17(6), 287–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mondelli, F., Prato Previde, E., Verga, M., Levi, D., Magistrelli, S., & Valsecchi, P. (2004). The bond that never developed: Adoption and relinquishment of dogs in a rescue shelter. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 74(4), 253–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, M. K., Fine, A. H., & O’Haire, M. E. (2015). understanding the role of human-animal interaction in the family context. In A. H. Fine (Ed.), Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Foundations and guidelines for animal-assisted interventions (4th ed., pp. 237–248). Waltham, MA: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Muldoon, J., Williams, J., & Lawrence, A. (2014). ‘Mum cleaned it and I just played with it’: Children’s perceptions of their roles and responsibilities in the care of family pets. Childhood. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568214524457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muldoon, J. C., Williams, J. M., & Lawrence, A. (2016). Exploring children’s perspectives on the welfare needs of pet animals. Anthrozoös, 29(3), 357–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagasawa, M., Kikusui, T., Onaka, T., & Ohta, M. (2008). Dog’s gaze at its owner increases urinary oxytocin during social interaction. Hormones and Behavior, 55(3), 434–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nathanson, J., & Patronek, G. (2011). Animal hoarding. How the semblance of a benevolent mission becomes actualized as egoism and cruelty. In B. Oakley, A. Knafo, G. Madhavan, & D. S. Wilson (Eds.), Pathological altruism. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Nebbe, L. (1991). The human-animal bond and the elementary school counselor. The School Counselor, 38, 362–371.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prudkov, P. N., & Rodina, O. N. (2016). On altruism toward nonhuman animals. Society & Animals, 24(4), 321–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajecki, D. W., Rasmussen, J. L., & Conner, T. J. (2007). Punish and forgive: Causal attribution and positivity bias in response to cat and dog misbehavior. Society and Animals, 15(4), 311–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raup, C. D. (1999). Treasuring, trashing or terrorizing: Adult outcomes of childhood Socialization about Companion Animals. Society & Animals, 7(2), 141–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, M. (2012). Awareness Centered Training—ACT. New York: Balboa Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoberl, I., Wedl, M., Bauer, B., Day, J., Mostl, E., & Kotrschal, K. (2012). Effects of owner–dog relationship and owner personality on cortisol modulation in human–dog dyads. Anthrozoös, 25, 199–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Serpell, J. A., & Manning, A. (2011). Animals in human society: Changing perspectives. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serpell, J. A. (2015). Animal-assisted interventions in historical perspective. In A. H. Fine (Ed.), Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Foundations and guidelines for animal-assisted interventions (4th ed., pp. 11–19). Waltham, MA: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Summerton, K. (2015). Reasons for relinquishing dogs. Veterinary Record, (Vol. 177, Issue. 2, 320). https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.h5056.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tovares, A. V. (2010). All in the family: Small stories and narrative construction of a family identity that includes pets. Narrative Inquiry, 20(1), 1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, W. G. (2007). The experiences of offenders in a prison canine program. Federal Probation. Retrieved April 21, 2017, from http://www.uscourts.gov/uscourts/FederalCourts/PPS/Fedprob/2007–06/canine.html.

  • Van der Merwe, K., More, T. P., & Kotzé, T. (2016). Companion animal attachment and guardian behaviors. Society & Animals, 24(5), 486–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, E., Gramann, S., Spain, C. V., & Slater, M. (2015). Goodbye to a good friend: An exploration of the re-homing of cats and dogs in the U.S. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 5, 435–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, H., Hall, S., Hames, A., Hardiman, J., Burgess, A., PAWS Team, et al. (2016). Effects of pet dogs for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their families: Expectations versus reality. Human-Animal Interaction Bulletin, 4(3), 38–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin, S. (2017). Body language charts. Retrieved March 31, 2017, from www.drsophiayin.com.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mary Renck Jalongo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Jalongo, M.R., Ross, M. (2018). Building Behaviorally Healthy Relationships Between Children and Dogs. In: Renck Jalongo, M. (eds) Children, Dogs and Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77845-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77845-7_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-77844-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-77845-7

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics