Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Ultrasonography of the Upper Extremity: Elbow pp 53–59Cite as

Medial Elbow

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 682 Accesses

Abstract

The medial aspect of the elbow is generally examined with the elbow in extension or in the so-called crab position. The medial epicondyle may be used as a landmark. In the medial aspect, the key structures and their lesions to be evaluated are: the common flexor tendon (medial epicondylitis, partial tendon tear, full-thickness tendon tear), the medial collateral ligament and the pronator teres muscle (median nerve compression).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bianchi S, Martinoli C. Elbow. In: Bianchi S, Martinoli C, editors. Ultrasound of the musculoskeletal system. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 349–408.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Martinoli C, Bianchi S, Giovagnorio F, Pugliese F. Ultrasound of the elbow. Skelet Radiol. 2001;30(11):605–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Finlay K, Ferri M, Friedman L. Ultrasound of the elbow. Skelet Radiol. 2004;33(2):63–79.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Blease S, Stoller DW, Safran MR, Li AE, Fritz RC. The elbow. In: Stoller DW, editor. Magnetic resonance imaging in orthopaedics and sports medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2007. p. 1463–626.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Konin GP, Nazarian LN, Walz DM. US of the elbow: indications, technique, normal anatomy, and pathologic conditions. Radiographics. 2013;33(4):E125–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Draghi F, Danesino GM, de Gautard R, Bianchi S. Ultrasound of the elbow: examination techniques and US appearance of the normal and pathologic joint. J Ultrasound. 2007;10(2):76–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Radunovic G, Vlad V, Micu MC, Nestorova R, Petranova T, Porta F, Iagnocco A. Ultrasound assessment of the elbow. Med Ultrason. 2012;14(2):141–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Créteur V, Madani A, Sattari A, Bianchi S. Sonography of the pronator teres: normal and pathologic appearances. J Ultrasound Med. 2017;36(12):2585–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.14306.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Tagliafico AS, Bignotti B, Martinoli C. Elbow US: anatomy, variants, and scanning technique. Radiology. 2015;275(3):636–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. do Nascimento AT, Claudio GK. Arthroscopic surgical treatment of medial epicondylitis. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2017;26(12):2232–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Morris HJ. Rider’s sprain. Lancet. 1882;2:557.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Nordander C, Ohlsson K, Åkesson I, Arvidsson I, Balogh I, Hansson GA, et al. Risk of musculoskeletal disorders among females and males in repetitive/constrained work. Ergonomics. 2009;52:1226–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Barco R, Antuña SA. Medial elbow pain. EFORT Open Rev. 2017;2(8):362–71.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Donaldson O, Vannet N, Gosens T, Kulkarni R. Tendinopathies around the elbow part 2: medial elbow, distal biceps and triceps tendinopathies. Shoulder Elbow. 2014;6(1):47–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. van Holsbeeck MT, Introcaso JH. Musculoskeletal ultrasound. 2nd ed. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Connell D, Burke F, Coombes P, McNealy S, Freeman D, Pryde D, Hoy G. Sonographic examination of lateral epicondylitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;176(3):777–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Klauser AS, Pamminger M, Halpern EJ, Abd Ellah MMH, Moriggl B, Taljanovic MS, Deml C, Sztankay J, Klima G, Jaschke WR. Extensor tendinopathy of the elbow assessed with sonoelastography: histologic correlation. Eur Radiol. 2017;27(8):3460–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hart L. Corticosteroid and other injections in the management of tendinopathies: a review. Clin J Sport Med. 2011;21(6):540–1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Draghi F, Robotti G, Jacob D, Bianchi S. Interventional musculoskeletal ultrasonography: precautions and contraindications. J Ultrasound. 2010;13(3):126–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Robotti G, Canepa MG, Bortolotto C, Draghi F. Interventional musculoskeletal US: an update on materials and methods. J Ultrasound. 2013;16(2):45–55.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Ciccotti MG, Ramani MN. Medial epicondylitis. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg. 2003;7:190–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Draghi F, Bortolotto C. Importance of the ultrasound in cubital tunnel syndrome. Surg Radiol Anat. 2016;38(2):265–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Gregoli B, Bortolotto C, Draghi F. Elbow nerves: normal sonographic anatomy and identification of the structures potentially associated with nerve compression. A short pictorial-video article. J Ultrasound. 2013;16(3):119–21.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Cohen M. US imaging in operated tendons. J Ultrasound. 2012;15:69–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Gitto S, Draghi AG, Bortolotto C, Draghi F. Sonography of the Achilles tendon after complete rupture repair: what the radiologist should know. J Ultrasound Med. 2016;35:2529–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Schwab GH, Bennett JB, Woods GW, Tullos HS. Biomechanics of elbow instability: the role of the medial collateral ligament. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1980;146(146):42–52.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Jacobson JA, Propeck T, Jamadar DA, Jebson PJ, Hayes CW. US of the anterior bundle of the ulnar collateral ligament: findings in five cadaver elbows with MR arthrographic and anatomic comparison -nitial observations. Radiology. 2003;227(2):561–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ward SI, Teefey SA, Paletta GA Jr, et al. Sonography of the medial collateral ligament of the elbow: a study of cadavers and healthy adult male volunteers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180(2):389–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Nazarian LN, McShane JM, Ciccotti MG, O’Kane PL, Harwood MI. Dynamic US of the anterior band of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow in asymptomatic major league baseball pitchers. Radiology. 2003;227(1):149–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Morrey BF, An KN. Articular and ligamentous contributions to the stability of the elbow joint. Am J Sports Med. 1983;11(5):315–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Mulligan SA, Schwartz ML, Broussard MF, Andrews JR. Heterotopic calcification and tears of the ulnar collateral ligament: radiographic and MR imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;175:1099–102.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Draghi F, Urciuoli L, Alessandrino F, Corti R, Scudeller L, Grassi R. Joint effusion of the knee: potentialities and limitations of ultrasonography. J Ultrasound. 2015;18(4):361–71.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Rabiner JE, Khine H, Avner JR, Friedman LM, Tsung JW. Accuracy of point-of-care ultrasonography for diagnosis of elbow fractures in children. Ann Emerg Med. 2013;61(1):9–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Gitto S, Draghi AG, Draghi F. Sonography of non-neoplastic disorders of the hand and wrist tendons. J Ultrasound Med. 2018;37:51–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Hospital, Foundation IRCCS, Policlinico San Matteo University Hospital, Pavia, Italy

    Ferdinando Draghi

Authors
  1. Ferdinando Draghi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Draghi, F. (2018). Medial Elbow. In: Ultrasonography of the Upper Extremity: Elbow. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77341-4_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77341-4_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-77340-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-77341-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation