Skip to main content
  • 697 Accesses

Abstract

The lateral aspect of the elbow is generally examined with the elbow in flexion or in the so-called crab position (elbow flexed 90° with the palm resting on the table). The radial head and the lateral epicondyle may be used as landmarks. In the lateral aspect. The key structures and their lesions to be evaluated are: the common extensor tendon (epicondylitis, partial tendon tear, full-thickness tendon tear), the lateral collateral ligament, the radial nerve (deep branch of the radial nerve compression syndromes)and part of the radiocapitellar joint.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Konin GP, Nazarian LN, Walz DM. US of the elbow: indications, technique, normal anatomy, and pathologic conditions. Radiographics. 2013;33(4):E125–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Draghi F, Danesino GM, de Gautard R, Bianchi S. Ultrasound of the elbow: examination techniques and US appearance of the normal and pathologic joint. J Ultrasound. 2007;10(2):76–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Radunovic G, Vlad V, Micu MC, Nestorova R, Petranova T, Porta F, Iagnocco A. Ultrasound assessment of the elbow. Med Ultrason. 2012;14(2):141–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. De Zordo T, Lill SR, Fink C, Feuchtner GM, Jaschke W, Bellmann-Weiler R, Klauser AS. Real-time sonoelastography of lateral epicondylitis: comparison of findings between patients and healthy volunteers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;193(1):180–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Levin D, Nazarian LN, Miller TT, O’Kane PL, Feld RI, Parker L, McShane JM. Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow: US findings. Radiology. 2005;237(1):230–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Connell D, Burke F, Coombes P, McNealy S, Freeman D, Pryde D, Hoy G. Sonographic examination of lateral epicondylitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;176(3):777–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Klauser AS, Pamminger M, Halpern EJ, Abd Ellah MMH, Moriggl B, Taljanovic MS, Deml C, Sztankay J, Klima G, Jaschke WR. Extensor tendinopathy of the elbow assessed with sonoelastography: histologic correlation. Eur Radiol. 2017;27(8):3460–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hart L. Corticosteroid and other injections in the management of tendinopathies: a review. Clin J Sport Med. 2011;21(6):540–1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Draghi F, Robotti G, Jacob D, Bianchi S. Interventional musculoskeletal ultrasonography: precautions and contraindications. J Ultrasound. 2010;13(3):126–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Robotti G, Canepa MG, Bortolotto C, Draghi F. Interventional musculoskeletal US: an update on materials and methods. J Ultrasound. 2013;16(2):45–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Faro F, Wolf JM. Lateral epicondylitis: review and current concepts. J Hand Surg Am. 2007;32(8):1271–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Smidt N, Van der Windt DA, Assendelft WJ, Devillé WL, Korthals-de Bos IB, Bouter LM. Corticosteroid injections, physiotherapy, or a wait-and-see policy for lateral epicondylitis: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;359(9307):657–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Calfee RP, Patel A, DaSilva MF, Akelman E. Management of lateral epicondylitis: current concepts. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2008;16(1):19–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Knutsen EJ, Calfee RP, Chen RE, Goldfarb CA, Park KW, Osei DA. Factors associated with failure of nonoperative treatment in lateral epicondylitis. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(9):2133–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Sotereanos DG, Varitimidis SE, Giannakopoulos PN, Westkaemper JG. Results of surgical treatment for radial tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg Am. 1999;24(3):566–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Gitto S, Draghi AG, Bortolotto C, Draghi F. Sonography of the achilles tendon after complete rupture repair: what the radiologist should know. J Ultrasound Med. 2016;35(12):2529–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Cohen M. US imaging in operated tendons. J Ultrasound. 2012;15:69–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gitto S, Draghi AG, Draghi F. Sonography of non-neoplastic disorders of the hand and wrist tendons. J Ultrasound Med. 2018;37:51–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Berton C, Wavreille G, Lecomte F, Miletic B, Kim HJ, Fontaine C. The supinator muscle: anatomical bases for deep branch of the radial nerve entrapment. Surg Radiol Anat. 2013;35(3):217–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Riffaud L, Morandi X, Godey B, Brassier G, Guegan Y, Darnault P, Scarabin JM. Anatomic bases for the compression and neurolysis of the deep branch of the radial nerve in the radial tunnel. Surg Radiol Anat. 1999;21(4):229–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gregoli B, Bortolotto C, Draghi F. Elbow nerves: normal sonographic anatomy and identification of the structures potentially associated with nerve compression. A short pictorial-video article. J Ultrasound. 2013;16(3):119–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Frohse F, Frankel M, editors. Die Muskeln des menschlichen Armes. K Von Bardeleben. Jena: Fischer Verlag; 1908. p. 164–9.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Ozturk A, Kutlu C, Taskara N, Kale AC, Bayraktar B, Cecen A. Anatomic and morphometric study of the arcade of Frohse in cadavers. Surg Radiol Anat. 2005;27(3):171–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Bianchi S, Draghi F, Beggs I. Ultrasound of the peripheral nerves. In:Clinical ultrasound, vol. 2. London: Elsevier Ltd; 2011. p. 1158–67.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Draghi F, Bortolotto C. Importance of the ultrasound in cubital tunnel syndrome. Surg Radiol Anat. 2016;38(2):265–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Padua L, Di Pasquale A, Liotta G, Granata G, Pazzaglia C, Erra C, Briani C, Coraci D, De Franco P, Antonini G, Martinoli C. Ultrasound as a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of traumatic nerve lesions. Clin Neurophysiol. 2013;124(6):1237–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Tagliafico AS, Bignotti B, Martinoli C. Elbow US: anatomy, variants, and scanning technique. Radiology. 2015;275(3):636–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Chang WK, Li YP, Zhang DF, Liang BS. The cubital tunnel syndrome caused by the intraneural or extraneural ganglion cysts: case report and review of the literature. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2017;70(10):1404–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Mobbs RJ, Phan K, Maharaj MM, Chaganti J, Simon N. Intraneural ganglion cyst of the ulnar nerve at the elbow masquerading as a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. World Neurosurg. 2016;96:613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Rodriguez Miralles J, Natera Cisneros L, Escolà A, Fallone JC, Cots M, Espiga X. Type A ganglion cysts of the radiocapitellar joint may involve compression of the superficial radial nerve. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2016;102(6):791–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Vaishya R, Kapoor C, Agarwal AK, Vijay V. A rare presentation of ganglion cyst of the elbow. Cureus. 2016;8(7):e665.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Draghi, F. (2018). Lateral Elbow. In: Ultrasonography of the Upper Extremity: Elbow. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77341-4_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77341-4_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-77340-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-77341-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics