Abstract
In a longue durée perspective on the securitization of the Roma in Europe, Dalbello uses as a case study Archduke Joseph Karl Ludwig of Austria (1833–1905) as a ‘securitization actor’ whose strategies of ‘diffuse’ de-securitization were consistent with the political culture of the multicultural Habsburg Empire. His practices of visual securitization/de-securitization aimed at framing the Roma as Volk of the Empire and his humanitarian-like programme of Roma colonization draw his project as radically ambiguous. While presenting a trajectory of de-securitization as ‘change through stabilization’ in the construction of a particular visibility of the Roma as subjects of the Empire, the project was limited within the terms of securitization and epitomized the romantic racism of Roma scholarship in which he was involved.
The author would like to thank Anselm Spoerri for reading drafts of this manuscript and the three editors of this volume for their invaluable feedback, which greatly strengthened the argument. Earlier versions of some of the arguments have appeared previously in presentations (Dalbello 2010, 2015).
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Notes
- 1.
The terms ‘gypsy’ or ‘Gypsy’ are used only as far as they reflect usage in the historical texts quoted in this essay. In all other instances, the term ‘Roma’ is used, despite this usage being anachronistic when dealing with historical terminology.
- 2.
This 24-volume encyclopaedia—also referred to as Kronprinzenwerk—was published by the Imperial and Royal Court State Printing office (1886–1902) under the sponsorship of Crown Prince Rudolf.
- 3.
Translations from German are by Anselm Spoerri, Melita Matulić, and Marija Dalbello.
- 4.
The Gesellschaftfür Zigeunerforschung (GfZ) was active from 1893 to 1905 in Budapest and was the counterpart of the Gypsy Lore Society (GLS) (founded in 1888), which ceased its activities during this period, resuming them in 1907. The GfZ published materials on Gypsy studies in the Mitteilungen zur Zigeunekunde, also known as Ethnologische Mitteilungen aus Ungarn. The GfZ was under the protection of Archduke Joseph, and its members were active for a decade and until his death in 1905 (Dalbello 2015).
- 5.
The group outlined a programme of descriptive study, comparative research, and improvement of the status and human rights of the Gypsies and other ‘people who are called vagrants’. The group emphasized internationalism and cosmopolitanism and founded its own journal, the Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society (Dalbello 2015).
- 6.
This programme encompassed the descriptive study of Roma from the territory of Austria-Hungary.
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Dalbello, M. (2019). Roma Securitization and De-securitization in Habsburg Europe. In: van Baar, H., Ivasiuc, A., Kreide, R. (eds) The Securitization of the Roma in Europe. Human Rights Interventions. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77035-2_13
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