Abstract
This paper presents two approaches to interpreting urban system dynamics: (i) the complex systems approach and (ii) the resilient city’s approach. It begins with the consideration of cities as a complex and dynamic social system - far from equilibrium and open to their environment - that is composed of elements and actors, that is, endogenous resources, both natural as artificial - elaborated by human societies - that put in value the territorial resources. These are related and are part of other territorial systems of higher order (municipal, state, regional), which, in turn, are within a national system connected to the global scale.
The incorporation of this analytical perspective to the study of the Metropolitan Area of San Luis Potosí (Mexico), and specifically the relationships between climate change, rainwater management and flood risk, would help to create more viable structures and networks, plastic and flexible, with a greater capacity to adapt and evolve to the turbulences and changes in their environment, and to have more viable, effective and efficient tools, within the framework of urban sustainability. The objective of the document is to generate knowledge to identify problems, elucidate dynamics and present tools that allow a better understanding of the urban systemic environment into the case study.
The first part describes the fundamental elements of the approaches of complex systems and resilient cities and culminates with the methodological approach of the investigation and the proposal of an analytical model. The second part shows the application of the theoretical - methodological framework to the case study. A diagnosis and a systemic analysis of the case studied are made. The third section presents a proposal for intervention based on strategic and participatory planning approaches, supported by the scenario building tool, with measures that aim to solve the development and sustainability problems that this metropolitan area presents.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
AHO/AUSLP. (2016). A Motorway Named Rio, Publication resulting to international workshop «A Motorway named Rio» organized in March 2016 by The Oslo School of Architecture and Design (AHO) and Master in Urban Landscape.
Alberti, M., Marzluff, J. M., Shulenberger, E., Bradley, G., Ryan, C., & Zumbrunnen, C. (2003). Integrating humans into ecology: Opportunities and challenges for studying urban ecosystems. Bioscience, 53, 1169–1179.
Alva Fuentes, B., Moreno Mata, A., & Zavala Ojeda, G. (2015a). Chapter II: Metropolitan systems and urban sprawl in Mexico: Theory and reality. In A. Moreno Mata (Cord.), Urban environment, sustainability and territory in mexican cities (Vol. II, pp. 54–77). Mexico: Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí.
Alva Fuentes, B., Lopez Mares, M., & Durán, G. (2015b). Chapter VI: Urban design and metropolitan fragmentation in San Luis Potosí. In Moreno Mata, A. (Cord.), Urban environment, sustainability and territory in Mexican cities (Vol. II, pp. 139–155, Mexico: Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí.
Balsells, M., Barroca, B., Amdal, J. R., Diab, Y., Becue, V., & Serre, D. (2013). Analyzing urban resilience through the alternative storm water management options: Application of the conceptual DS3 model at the neighborhood scale. Water Science and Technology, 68(11), 2448–2457.
Batty, M. (2008). Cities as complex systems. Scaling, interactions, networks, dynamics and urban morphologies. Working Papers Series, Paper 131, Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London, ISSN 1467–1298.
Boccolini, S. M. (2016). The urban event. The city as a complex system away from equilibrium. Quid 16, Journal of Area Urban Studies of the Institute of Research Gino Germani from the Faculty of Social Sciences (UBA), 220–251.
Candia Monsiváis, M. A. (2015). Risk analysis by flooding in the metropolitan area of San Luis Potosi. Thesis of Master in Applied Geosciences. San Luis Potosi: Potosino Institute of Scientific and Technological Research.
Carrillo-Rivera, J. (1992). The hydrogeology of the San Luis Potosí area. Ph. D. Thesis. London: University of London.
Cirelli, C. (2004). Discarded water, used water. Growing on the margins of the city. San Luis Potosí: El Colegio de San Luis.
Conte, E., & Monno, V. (2016). The regenerative approach to model an integrated urban – Building evaluation method. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 5, 12–22.
Cutter, S., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E., & Webb, J. (2008). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change, 18, 598–606.
DEMM. (1998). Master plan for the improvement of the services of drinking water, sewerage and sanitation in San Luis Potosí. Soledad de Graciano Sánchez and Cerro de San Pedro, Mexico: DEMM Consultores, S.A. de C.V., Mexico.
Folke, C., Carpenter, S. R., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Chapin, T., & Rockstrom, J. (2010). Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society, 15(4), 20.
Fusco Girard, L., Baycan, T., & Nijkamp, P. (2012). The creative city in a multidimensional perspective. In Chapter of sustainable city and creativity: Promoting creative urban initiatives. London: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
García, R. (2006). Complex systems. Concepts, method and epistemological foundation of interdisciplinary research. Barcelona: Gedisa.
Godschalk, D. R. (2003). Urban hazard mitigation: Creating resilient cities. Natural Hazards Review, 4, 136–143.
Harvey, D. (1977). Urbanismo y desigualdad social. México: Siglo XXI.
Holling, C. S. (1996). Engineering resilience versus ecological resilience. In P. Schulze (Ed.), Engineering with ecological constraints. Washington, DC: National Academy.
Interapas. (2005). Annual report 2005, San Luis Potosí. San Luis Potosí: Body Intermunicipal Metropolitan water, sewerage, sanitation and services related of the municipalities of Cerro de San Pedro, San Luis Potosí and Soledad de Graciano Sánchez (Interapas).
IPCC. (2012). Special report on managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press.
Jacobs, J. (1971). The economy of cities. Peninsula: Barcelona.
Johnson, S. (2003). Sistemas Emergentes: O Qué Tienen en Común Hormigas, Neuronas, Ciudades y Software. México: FCE.
Kosow, H. (2008). Methods of future and scenario analysis: Overview, assessment, and selection criteria. In H. Kosow & R. Gaßner (Eds.), Development policy: Questions for the future. Bonn: DIE Research Project.
Kreibich, R., Oertel, B. & Wölk, M. (2007). Future-oriented technology analysis principles, methodology and research questions. Paper prepared for the 1st Berlin Symposium on Internet and Society, Oct. 25–27, 2011.
Larraga Lara, R., & Moreno Mata, A. (2015). Chapter III: Urban sprawl, environmental justice and equity in access to green spaces in the metropolitan area of San Luis Potosí. In A. Moreno Mata (Coord.), Urban environment, sustainability and territory in Mexican cities (Vol. II, pp. 78–107). Mexico: Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí.
Lhomme, S. (2012). Technical networks as a vector of spread of risks in urban areas - a theoretical and practical contribution to the urban resilience the analysis. Thesis of doctorate, University of Paris Diderot, 2012, 365.
Luhmann, N. (1998). Social systems: Guidelines for a general theory. Barcelona: Anthropos Editorial.
Moreno Mata, A. (1989). The production process of the urban space in the metropolitan area of San Luis Potosí: The problem of housing. Master’s thesis in urban development. Mexico: The Colegio de Mexico, A.C.
Moreno Mata, A. (1997). The occupation of municipal land for urban use in the metropolitan area of San Luis Potosí. Notes. Journal of Information and Analysis, 1998, 9–17. Aguascalientes: National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics.
Moreno Mata, A. (1998, January–June). Local government, planning and management of the public service in the middle of Mexico cities. The case of the metropolitan area of San Luis Potosí. Economy, Society and Territory, 1(3), 519–545.
Moreno Mata, A. (2010). Utopia and reconceptualization of the Mexican urban model. Alternative approaches to the study of the drift and the new centralities: The case of the metropolitan area of San Luis Potosí. Journal of architecture. Design and Urban Planning, 7, 180–195.
Moreno Mata, A. (2012). Residential segregation in the metropolitan area of San Luis Potosí: Causes and manifestations. Memoirs of 12th Meeting of the Mexican Society of Demography. México: Mexican Society of Demography.
Moreno Mata A. (2017a). Low density urban expansion, access to urban land and territorial policies in intermediate cities of Mexico. Paper presented at the Third Ibero-American Urban Land Congress, 21–26 October 2017, Curitiba, Brazil.
Moreno Mata, A. (2017b). Dispersion, suburbanization and sustainability of cities. Evaluation of their interactions and effects in the metropolitan area of San Luis Potosí, México (1990–2010). Work Paper, UASLP.
Moreno Mata, A., & Cárdenas Nielsen, A. (2015). Peri – urbanity, inequality and segregation in San Luis Potosi: 1990–2010. Journal Development Observatory, 4(14), 63–70, Mexico: Autonomous University of Zacatecas.
Moreno Mata A. & López Mares L. M. (2015) Chapter VIII: Vulnerability,dispersion and fragmentation in the San Luis Potosí Metropolitan Area. The case of a road called Rio. In Moreno Mata, A. (Cord.), Urban environment, sustainability and territory in Mexican cities (Vol. II, pp. 139–155, Mexico: Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí.
Moreno Mata, A., & Villasís Keever, R. (2015). Urban fragmentation and segregation socio-residential in the cities of the center region - western México. The cases of Aguascalientes, Leon, San Luis Potosi and Zacatecas. In À. Layuno & A. Acosta (Eds.), Heritage, territory and landscape. Alcalá de Henares: University of Alcalá de Henares/Autonomous University of Aguascalientes.
MPUDVDR. (2015). Municipal plan of urban development of Villa de Reyes, 2015–2035, Municipality of Villa de Reyes/State Government of San Luis Potosí. San Luis Potosí: Official Review.
MSGS. (2010). Municipal Atlas of risk. Municipality of Soledad de Graciano Sanchez, S.L.P.
Nacopo (National Council of Population) (2010). Delimitation of metropolitan areas of Mexico, 2010. Mexico: National Council of Population.
NCW (National Commission of Water). (2002). Determination of the availability of water in the aquifer San Luis Potosi, state of San Luis Potosi. Mexico: National Commission of Water.
Newman P., Beatley T., & Boyer H. (2009). Resilient cities: Responding to Peak oil and climate change. Island Press, ISBN: 1597268631.
Papa, R., Galderisi, A., Vigo Majello, M. C., & Saretta, E. (2015). Smart and resilient cities. A systemic approach for developing cross-sectoral strategies in the face of climate change. TeMA, Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Envoronment, Dossier: Cities, Energy and Climate Change, 1, 19–50.
Peña, F. (2005). The supply of water to the city of San Luis Potosí. In D. Barkin (Coord.), The supply of urban water in Mexico. Guadalajara: Universidad de Guadalajara.
Peña, F. (2008). Protection of the aquifer and urban growth in San Luis Potosí. Bulletin of the File Historical Water, 2008, 21–32.
Prigogine, I. Y., & Stengers, I. (1994). Between time and eternity. Madrid: Alianza.
Rockefeller Foundation. (2015). Available at: http://www.100resilientcities.org/cities#/-_/
Rueda, S. (2005). A new urban planning for a more sustainable city. Presented at meeting of networks of sustainable development and combat climate change, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
SADSN. (2014). Urban flood and climate change. Buenos Aires: Recommendations for the management, Secretariat of Environment and Sustainable Development for the Nation.
Salingaros, N. (2005). Principles of urban structure. Amsterdam: Design Science Planning.
Sanders, T. I. (2003). What is complexity? Catalogue essay for fine arts exhibit entitled, Complexity (pp. 1–2). Washington, DC: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Board.
Santacruz De León, G. (2008). Generation and treatment of waste water in the metropolitan area of the city of San Luis Potosí. Bulletin of the File Historical Water, 2008, 33–37.
Serre, D., Lhomme, S., Peyras, L., Laganier, R., & Diab, Y. (2012). Analyzing the civil engineering infrastructures to prioritize urban flood resilient actions. In 7th International Conference on Water Sensitive Urban Design, Melbourne, Australia, 21–23 February 2012.
Serre, D., Barroca, B., & Laganier, R. (2013). Resilience and urban risk management. London: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
Serre, D., Barroca, B., Balsells, M., & Becue, V. (2016). Contributing to urban resilience to floods with neighbourhood design: The case of am Sandtorkai/Dalmannkai in Hamburg. Journal of Flood Risk Management, Browse Early View Articles, Online Version of Record published before inclusion in an issue. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12253.
Shelfaut, K., Pannemans, B., Craats, I. V. D., Krywkow, J., Mysiak, J., & Cools, J. (2011). Bringing flood resilience into practice: The FREEMAN project. Environmental Science Policy. 2011, 14(7), 825–833.
Soja, E. (2008). Postmetropolis: Critical studies of cities and region. Buenos Aires: Dreams Dealer Editions.
Stevens Vázquez, S. (2012). The water vulnerability in the city of San Luis Potosí. Journal of the College of San Luis, New Era, 11(4), 130–159.
SWC (State Water Commission). (2005). Annual report 2005. San Luis Potosí: Body of information of the State Water Commission.
Toubin, M., Laganier, R., Diab, Y., & Serre, D. (2014). Improving the conditions for urban resilience through collaborative learning of Parisian urbanservices. Journal of Urban Plannning Development, 141(4).
Tucci, C. E. M., & Bertoni, J. C. (2006). Urban flood management. Washington, DC: World Meteorological Organization.
UNISDR. (2012). How to make cities more resilient – A handbook for local government leaders. Available at: http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/26462
Vale, L., & Campanella, T. H. (2005). The resilient city: How modern cities recover from disaster. New York: Oxford University Press.
Vergara, R. A., & Zureck Varela, E. (2013). Model of sustainable urban management. Barranquilla: Universidad del Norte.
World Bank Group. (2011). Guide to climate change adaptation in cities. Available at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANDEVELOPM-ENT/Resources/3363871318995974398/GuideClimChangeAdaptCities.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Moreno-Mata, A., Villasís-Keever, R., Morató, J. (2019). Climatic Change, Management of Water Rain and Flood Risk in the Metropolitan Area of San Luis Potosí, México. In: Brunetta, G., Caldarice, O., Tollin, N., Rosas-Casals, M., Morató, J. (eds) Urban Resilience for Risk and Adaptation Governance. Resilient Cities. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76944-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76944-8_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-76943-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-76944-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)