Abstract
The use of fibers into scaffolds is a way to mimic natural tissues, in which fibrils are embedded in a matrix. The use of fibers can improve the mechanical properties of the scaffolds and may act as structural support for cell growth. Also, as the morphology of fibrous scaffolds is similar to the natural extracellular matrix, cells cultured on these scaffolds tend to maintain their phenotypic shape. Different materials and techniques can be used to produce micrfibers- and nanofibers for scaffolds manufacturing; cells, in general, adhere and proliferate very well on PCL, chitosan, silk fibroin, and other nanofibers. One of the most important techniques to produce microfibers/nanofibers is electrospinning. Nanofibrous scaffolds are receiving increasing attention in bone tissue engineering, because they are able to offer a favorable microenvironment for cell attachment and growth. Different polymers can be electrospun, i.e., polyester, polyurethane, PLA, PCL, collagen, and silk. Other materials such as bioglass fibers, nanocellulose, and even carbon fiber and fabrics have been used to help increase bioactivity, mechanical properties of the scaffold, and cell proliferation. A compilation of mechanical properties and most common biological tests performed on fibrous scaffolds is included in this chapter.
Highlights
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The use of microfibers and nanofibers allows for tailoring the scaffold properties.
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Electrospinning is one of the most important techniques nowadays to produce fibrous scaffolds.
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Microfibers and nanofibers use in scaffolds is a promising field to improve the behavior of scaffolds in osteochondral applications.
Keywords
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- BDG:
-
Butylene diglycolate
- bFGF:
-
Basic fibroblast growth factor
- BMP:
-
Bone morphogenetic protein
- BMSCs:
-
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
- BTDG:
-
Butylene thiodiglycolate
- CPP:
-
Calcium pyrophosphate
- CPP:
-
Casein phosphopeptide
- GAG:
-
Glycosaminoglycan
- HA:
-
Hydroxyapatite
- hESC:
-
Human embryonic stem cells
- hMSCs:
-
Human mesenchymal stem cells
- PA:
-
Polyamide
- PCL:
-
Polycaprolactone
- PDLA:
-
Poly D,L-lactic acid
- PEEK:
-
Poly(ether-ether-ketone)
- PEG:
-
Poly(ethylene glycol)
- PEO:
-
Poly(ethylene oxide)
- PET:
-
Polyethylene terephthalate
- PGA:
-
Poly glycolic acid
- PLA:
-
Polylactic acid
- PLGA:
-
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PLLA:
-
Poly L-lactic acid
- PVA:
-
Polyvinyl alcohol
- PVA-MA:
-
Poly(vinyl alcohol)-methacrylate
- PVP:
-
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
- rhBMP:
-
Recombinant human morphogenetic protein
- SBF:
-
Simulated body fluid
- TCP:
-
Tricalcium phosphate
- TFG-β1:
-
Transforming growth factor-β1
- TIPS:
-
Thermally induced phase separation
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Ortega, Z., Alemán, M.E., Donate, R. (2018). Nanofibers and Microfibers for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. In: Oliveira, J., Pina, S., Reis, R., San Roman, J. (eds) Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1058. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_5
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