Abstract
Despite a highly divided EU with only 23 member states recognizing Kosovo’s independence so far, the Union has succeeded in having significant political impact and in acting in a truly integrated way towards this country. This was achieved by brokering the talks between Belgrade and Pristina and by tying the accession of Serbia to the EU to the normalization of its relations with Kosovo. The former High Representative, Catherine Ashton, and the current one, Federica Mogherini, have both played as policy instigators and as policy enforcers because they benefitted from a general consensus on the direction to pursue within the European Council and the Foreign Affairs Council. That consensus made possible for both High Representatives in their capacity as Vice-President of the Commission to connect the enlargement policy with the CFSP agenda.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Andric, G. (2011, December 6). EU in deadlock on Serbia’s candidacy bid. Balkan Insight. Available from http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/decision-on-serbian-eu-candidacy-yet-to-be-made.
Balfour, R., & Pappas, A. (2013). Kosovo’s local elections and the way ahead. European Union Institute for Security Studies, December. Available from http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/Alert_41_Kosovo.pdf.
Barlovac, B. (2011a, August 29). Tadic plans new Kosovo talks with Merkel. Balkan Insight. Available from http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/tadic-to-continue-talks-on-northern-kosovo-with-merkel/1602/13.
———. (2011b, December 12). EU wants action, not words from Serbia. Balkan Insight. Available from http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/eu-serbia-to-prove-itself-with-actions-not-words.
———. (2012, February 24). Kosovo, Serbia reach deal on regional representation. Balkan Insight. Available from http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/kosovo-serbia-reach-deal-on-regional-representation/1602/15.
Bassuener, K., & Weber, B. (2013). Not yet a done deal: Kosovo and the Pristina-Belgrade Agreement. Democratization Policy Council, November. Available from http://www.democratizationpolicy.org/pdf/briefs/DPC%20Kosovo%20Policy%20Paper%20November%202013.pdf.
BBC News. (2011, December 3). Serbia and Kosovo reach border management agreement. BBC News. Available from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16014188.
Bilefsky, D. (2012, May 20). Nationalist wins Serbian presidency, clouding ties to the west. The New York Times. Available from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/21/world/europe/serbian-presidential-elections.html?_r=0.
Birn. (2016, April 5). Kosovo fails to lift blockade on Serbian trucks. Balkan Insight. Available from http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/serbia-kosovo-fail-to-end-a-blockade-on-serbian-trucks-04-04-2016.
Blockmans, S. (2013, April 23). Kosovo-Serbia deal show value of EU diplomatic service. EU Observer. Available from https://euobserver.com/opinion/119903.
B92. (2010, July 28). Serbia submits Kosovo draft to UN GA. B92. Available from http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2010&mm=07&dd=28&nav_id=68748.
———. (2012, July 25). One year since major crisis in Northern Kosovo. B92. Available from http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2012&mm=07&dd=25&nav_id=81456.
———. (2015, October 30). Pristina to receive “serious response” over suspension. B92. Available from http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2015&mm=10&dd=30&nav_id=95887.
———. (2016, March 3). Radical Kosovo activists overturn truck with Serbian goods. B92. Available from http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2016&mm=03&dd=03&nav_id=97250.
Caplan, R., & Wolff, F. (2015). Some implications of the advisory opinion for resolution of the Serbia-Kosovo conflict. In M. Milanovic & M. Wood, The Law and Politics of the Kosovo Advisory Opinion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Capussela, A. (2011, December 1). The EU must confront the North Kosovo crisis. The Guardian. Available from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/dec/01/eu-north-kosovo.
Cooper, R. (2014, December 12). An unfair critique of Ashton. EU Observer. Available from https://euobserver.com/opinion/126893.
Council of the European Union. (2014). First Accession Conference with Serbia, Brussels, 21 January 2014. Available from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Bz6CitX6y-gJ:www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2014/01/pdf/first-accession-conference-with-serbia/+&cd=1&hl=it&ct=clnk&gl=it.
———. (2015). Second meeting of the Accession Conference with Serbia at ministerial level—First two chapters opened, Brussels, 14 December 2015. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2015/12/14-accession-conference-serbia/.
———. (2016). EULEX Kosovo: Mandate extended, budget approved, Brussels, 14 June 2016. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/it/press/press-releases/2016/06/14-eulex-kosovo-budget/.
Council of the European Union, Foreign Affairs. (2016). Press Release. 3477th Council meeting, Luxembourg, 20 June 2016. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/fac/2016/06/20/.
Council of the European Union, Foreign Affairs Council (FAC). (2010a). Main results of the council, Luxembourg, 14 June 2010. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/foraff/115185.pdf.
———. (2010b). Main Results of the Council, Brussels, 26 July 2010. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/138317.pdf.
———. (2011). Council conclusions on the European Neighborhood Policy, Luxembourg, 20 June 2011. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/122917.pdf.
———. (2012). Press Release. 3149th Council meeting, Brussels, 27 February 2012. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/128226.pdf.
———. (2013). Press Release. 3250th Council meeting, Luxemburg, 24 June 2013. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/137593.pdf.
———. (2014a). Press Release. 3288th Council meeting, Brussels, 20 January 2014. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/140673.pdf.
———. (2014b). Press Release. 3309th Council meeting, Luxembourg, 14–15 April 2014. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/fac/2014/04/14-15/.
———. (2014c). Press Release. 3361st Council meeting, Brussels, 15 December 2014. Available from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/146293.pdf.
———. (2015a). Press Release. 3404th Council meeting, Brussels, 20 July 2015. Available from http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-11095-2015-INIT/en/pdf.
———. (2015b). Press Release. 3426th Council meeting, Brussels, 16–17 November 2015. Available from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:hvhQb_WUGuQJ:www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/fac/2015/11/st14120_en15_pdf/+&cd=1&hl=it&ct=clnk&gl=it.
Council of the European Union, General Affairs Council (GAC). (2011). Council conclusions on enlargement and the Stabilization and Association Process, Brussels, 5 December 2011. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/genaff/126577.pdf.
———. (2012a). Council conclusions on enlargement and the Stabilization and Association Process, Brussels, 28 February 2012. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/genaff/128255.pdf.
———. (2012b). Main results of the Council, Brussels, 11 December 2012. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/genaff/134235.pdf.
———. (2013a). Press Release. 3235th Council meeting, Luxembourg, 22 April 2013. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/genaff/136915.pdf.
———. (2013b). Press Release. 3251st Council meeting, Brussels, 25 June 2013. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/genaff/137614.pdf.
———. (2013c). Council conclusions on Enlargement and Stabilization and Association Process. Press Release, Brussels, 17 December 2013. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/genaff/140142.pdf.
———. (2014). Press Release. 3362nd Council meeting, Brussels, 16 December 2014. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/gac/2014/12/16/.
———. (2015a). Outcome of the council meeting. 3380th Council meeting, Brussels, 17 March 2015. Available from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:9Ha3PAEHgNQJ:www.politicheeuropee.it/file_download/2635+&cd=1&hl=it&ct=clnk&gl=it.
———. (2015b). Enlargement and Stabilization and Association Process—Council conclusions, Brussels, 15 December 2015. Available from http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-15356-2015-INIT/en/pdf.
Deloy, C. (2014). General elections in Serbia. Fondation Robert Schuman, 16 March 2014. Available from http://www.robert-schuman.eu/en/doc/oee/oee-1478-en.pdf.
EU Business. (2010a, March 21). Tadic absent as Balkan leaders meet on EU integration. EU Business. Available from http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/balkans-slovenia.3q8.
———. (2010b, August 31). British FM urges Serbia to amend Kosovo resolution. EU Business. Available from http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/serbia-kosovo.5y9/.
———. (2012, February 27). Serbia’s push for entry snagged by Lithuania and Romania. EU Business. Available from http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/serbia-kosovo.fev.
———. (2014, July 15). Junker to halt enlargement as EU Commission head. EU Business. Available from http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/politics-juncker.x29.
European External Action Service. (2015). EU-facilitated dialogue between Belgrade and Pristina, Brussels, 10 February 2015. Available from http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2015/150210_01_en.htm.
EurActiv. (2014, June 13). Merkel to organise Western Balkans conference in August. EurActiv. Available from http://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/news/merkel-to-organise-western-balkans-conference-in-august/.
European Commission. (2011). Enlargement strategy and main challenges 2011–2012, Brussels, 12 October 2012. Available from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=celex:52011DC0666.
———. (2012). Commission Staff Working Document accompanying the document Commission Communication from the European Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on a feasibility study for a Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Union and Kosovo, Brussels, 23 October 2012. Available from http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2012/package/ks_analytical_2012_en.pdf.
———. (2013). Serbia 2013 Progress report, Brussels, 16 October 2013. Available from http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2013/package/brochures/serbia_2013.pdf.
———. (2014). Key findings of the progress report on Kosovo, Brussels, 8 October 2014. Available from http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-14-555_en.htm.
———. (2015a). Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Union and Kosovo Signed, Strasbourg, 27 October 2015. Available from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/20142019/hahn/announcements/adoptionstabilisationandassociationagreementproposalkosovo_en.
———. (2015b). Kosovo 2015 report, Brussels, 10 November 2015. Available from http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2015/20151110_report_kosovo.pdf.
European Commissioner for Enlargement and Neighbourhood Policy. (2016). Stabilisation and Association Agreement with Kosovo remarks by Johannes Hahn on behalf of the HR/VP at the EP Plenary, Strasbourg, 20 January 2016. Available from http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-16-122_en.htm.
European Council. (2010). Conclusions, Brussels, 16 September 2010. Available from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/116547.pdf.
———. (2011). Conclusions, Brussels, 8–9 December 2011. Available from http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-139-2011-REV-1/en/pdf.
———. (2012a). Conclusions, Brussels, 1–2 March 2012. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/128520.pdf.
———. (2012b). Conclusions, Brussels, 29 June 2012. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/131388.pdf.
———. (2012c). Conclusions, Brussels, 18–19 October 2012. http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-156-2012-INIT/en/pdf.
———. (2013a). Conclusions, Brussels, 27–28 June 2013. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/137634.pdf.
———. (2013b). Conclusions, Brussels, 24–25 October 2013. Available from http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-169-2013-INIT/en/pdf.
———. (2014). Conclusions, Brussels, 26–27 June 2014. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/143478.pdf.
———. (2015a). Informal meeting of heads of state or government, Brussels, 12 February 2015. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/european-council/2015/02/12/.
———. (2015b). Conclusions, Brussels, 17–18 December 2015. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2015/12/18-euco-conclusions/.
———. (2016a). Conclusions, Brussels, 19 February 2016. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/02/19-euco-conclusions/.
———. (2016b). Conclusions, Brussels, 17–18 March 2016. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/03/18-european-council-conclusions/.
European Council, The President. (2013). Remarks by President of the European Council Herman Van Rompuy following his meeting with Prime Minister of Kosovo Hashim, Pristina, July 1 2013. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/137681.pdf.
European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR). (2014). European Foreign Policy Scorecard 2014. London: ECFR.
———. (2015). European Foreign Policy Scorecard 2015. London: ECFR.
———. (2016). European Foreign Policy Scorecard 2016. London: ECFR.
European External Action Service (EEAS). (2013). Serbia and Kosovo reach landmark deal, Brussels, 19 April 2013. Available from http://collections.internetmemory.org/haeu/content/20160313172652/http://eeas.europa.eu/top_stories/2013/190413__eu-facilitated_dialogue_en.htm.
———. (2014a). EU to observe elections in Kosovo, Brussels, 20 May 2014. Available from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:vrcpjClKstcJ:eeas.europa.eu/delegations/kosovo/documents/press_corner/press_releases/2014/140520_press_release_eu_election_observation_mission_to_kosovo_en.docx+&cd=1&hl=it&ct=clnk&gl=it.
———. (2014b). Statement on the Kosovo legislative elections, Brussels, 9 June 2014. Available from https://eeas.europa.eu/statements/docs/2014/140609_01_en.pdf.
———. (2015a). Association/Community of Serb majority municipalities in Kosovo, Brussels, 25 August 2015. Available from http://collections.internetmemory.org/haeu/content/20160313172652/http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2015/150825_02_en.htm.
———. (2015b). Joint Action Plan Telecoms, Brussels, 25 August 2015. Available from http://collections.internetmemory.org/haeu/content/20160313172652/http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2015/150825_02_en.htm.
———. (2015c). Conclusions on the implementation of Energy Agreement, Brussels, 25 August 2015. Available from http://collections.internetmemory.org/haeu/content/20160313172652/http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2015/150825_02_en.htm.
———. (2015d). Freedom of movement/Mitrovica bridge, Brussels, 25 August 2015. Available from http://collections.internetmemory.org/haeu/content/20160313172652/http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2015/150825_02_en.htm.
———. (2016). EU-facilitated Dialogue: Implementation of the Agreement on the Mitrovica Bridge, Brussels, 5 August 2016. Available from https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/8592/eu-facilitated-dialogue-implementation-of-the-agreement-on-the-mitrovica-bridge_en.
European Parliament. (2016). MEPs ratify EU-Kosovo Association Agreement, Plenary Sessions, 21 January 2016. Available from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/pdfs/news/expert/infopress/20160114IPR09905/20160114IPR09905_en.pdf.
European Union. (2012a). Press Statement. EU facilitated dialogue: Agreement on Regional Cooperation and IBM technical protocol, Brussels, 24 February 2012. Available from http://register.consilium.europa.eu/doc/srv?l=EN&f=ST%205455%202012%20INIT.
———. (2012b). EU-facilitated dialogue: Agreement on IBM. European Council press release, Brussels, 2 December 2011. Available from europa.eu/rapid/press-release_PRES-12-9_en.pdf.
European Union Office/EUSR. (2015). EU Office/EUSR statement on the Constitutional Court decision concerning the Association/Community of Serb majority municipalities, Kosovo, 25 December 2015. Available from http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/delegations/kosovo/press_corner/all_news/news/2015/20151224_en.htm.
European Western Balkans. (2014). Reform speed decides timing of EU accession. European Western Balkans, 26 August 2014. Available from https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2014/08/26/merkel-reform-speed-decides-timing-of-eu-accession/.
Gashi, K. (2015). Nations in transit 2015. Kosovo. Freedom House. Available from https://freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/nations-transit-2015#.V_qDmyOLQy5.
Guzina, D., & Marijan, B. (2014). A fine balance: The EU and the process of normalizing Kosovo-Serbia relations. The Centre for International Governance Innovation, January 2014. Available from https://www.cigionline.org/sites/default/files/no23_0.pdf.
High Representative. (2016d). Remarks by High Representative/Vice-President Federica Mogherini at the joint press conference with Prime Minister Isa Mustafa and Commissioner Dimitris Avramopoulos during the visit to Kosovo, Pristina, 5 May 2016. Available from https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquartershomepage/5193/remarks-high-representativevice-president-federica-mogherini-joint-press-conference-prime_en.
———. (2016e). Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign And Security Policy, Brussels, 28 June 2016. Available from https://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/top_stories/pdf/eugs_review_web.pdf.
High Representative of the Union for foreign affairs and security policy. (2010a). Declaration by High Representative Catherine Ashton on behalf of the European Union on the ICJ advisory opinion, Brussels, 22 July 2010. https://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_PESC-10-213_en.htm.
———. (2010b). Speech by High Representative Catherine Ashton in the European Parliament on the Brok Report on the Annual Report on CFSP, Strasbourg, 11 September 2012. Available from https://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/belarus/documents/hr_speech_in_the_european_parliament_on_the_brok_report.pdf.
———. (2012). Remarks by High Representative Catherine Ashton at the press point with Prime Minister of Kosovo Hashim Thaçi and US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton during the visit to Kosovo, Pristina, 31 October 2012. Available from http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-12-824_en.htm.
———. (2013a). Remarks by EU High Representative Catherine Ashton following the Foreign Affairs Council, Brussels, 18 February 2013. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/135546.pdf.
———. (2013b). Statement by High Representative Catherine Ashton on the next meeting in the framework of the EU-facilitated dialogue, Brussels, 14 May 2013. Available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/137117.pdf.
———. (2014a). Statement by EU High Representative Catherine Ashton after today’s meeting in the framework of the EU-facilitated dialogue, Brussels, 12 February 2014. Available from https://eeas.europa.eu/statements/docs/2014/140127_06_en.pdf.
———. (2014b). Ashton thanks Kosovo PM Thaci for his role in Pristina/Belgrade accord. EU Delegation to Serbia, 23 October 2014. Available from http://europa.rs/ashton-thanks-kosovo-pm-thaci-for-his-role-in-pristinabelgrade-accord/?lang=en.
———. (2015a). Statement by High Representative/Vice-President Federica Mogherini following the resumption of the EU-facilitated dialogue between Belgrade and Pristina, Brussels, 10 February 2015. Available from http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2015/150210_01_en.htm.
———. (2015b). High Representative/Vice-President Federica Mogherini to visit Belgrade and Pristina, Brussels, 20 March 2015. Available from http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2015/150320_01_en.htm.
———. (2015c). Statement by High Representative/Vice-President Federica Mogherini after today’s meeting in the framework of the EU facilitated dialogue, Brussels, 21 April 2015. Available from http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2015/150421_09_en.htm.
———. (2015d). Statement by High Representative/Vice-President Federica Mogherini after today’s meeting in the framework of the EU facilitated dialogue, Brussels, 23 June 2015. Available from http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2015/150623_02_en.htm.
———. (2015e). Statement by High Representative/Vice-President Federica Mogherini following a meeting in the framework of the EU facilitated dialogue, Brussels, 30 June 2015. Available from http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2015/150630_01_en.htm.
———. (2015f). Statement by High Representative/Vice President Federica Mogherini following the meeting of the EU-facilitated dialogue, Brussels, 25 August 2015. Available from http://collections.internetmemory.org/haeu/content/20160313172652/http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2015/150825_02_en.htm.
———. (2016a). Statement by High Representative/Vice-President Federica Mogherini following the meeting of the EU-facilitated dialogue, Brussels, 27 January 2016. Available from http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2016/160127_02_en.htm.
High Representative of the Union for foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy. (2011). Joint statement by Catherine Ashton, High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the Commission and Stefan Füle, EU Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy on Serbia, Brussels, 9 December 2011. Available from http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-11-894_en.htm.
High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Spokesperson. (2011). Statement by the Spokesperson of EU High Representative Catherine Ashton on the situation in Northern Kosovo, Brussels 26 July 2011. Available from https://www.avrupa.info.tr/en/eeas-news/statement-spokesperson-eu-high-representative-catherine-ashton-situation-northern-kosovo.
———. (2014a). Statement by the Spokesperson of EU High Representative Catherine Ashton on the next meeting in the framework of the EU-facilitated dialogue, Brussels, 25 March 2014. Available from https://eeas.europa.eu/statements/docs/2014/140325_01_en.pdf.
———. (2014b). Statement by the Spokesperson on the release of OSCE SMM monitors, Brussels, 29 June 2014. Available from https://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/switzerland/31920/statement-spokesperson-recent-developments-crimea_deperson.
———. (2014c). Statement by the Spokesperson on media freedom and the safety of journalists in Eastern Ukraine, Brussels, 3 July 2014. Available from http://www.eliamep.gr/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Statement-by-the-Spokesperson-on-media-freedom-and-the-safety-3.7.2014.pdf.
———. (2014d). Statement by the Spokesperson on kidnapped Ukrainian military pilot, Brussels, 17 July 2014. Available from http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/statements/docs/2014/140717_01_en.pdf.
———. (2014e). Statement by the Spokesperson on the murder of Mykola Zelenec in Luhansk, Brussels, 22 August 2014. Available from http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/statements/docs/2014/140822_01_en.pdf.
———. (2015a). Statement by the Spokesperson on the work of the working groups in the context of the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue, Brussels, 17 June 2015. Available from http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2015/150617_09_en.htm.
———. (2015b). Statement by the Spokesperson on the start of implementation of the agreement on freedom of movement/Mitrovica Bridge, Brussels, 19 October 2015. Available from http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2015/151019_02_en.htm.
———. (2016a). Statement by the Spokesperson on the latest developments in Kosovo, Brussels, 19 February 2016. Available from http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2016/160219_01_en.htm.
———. (2016b). Statement by the Spokesperson on the events around the election of President of Kosovo, Brussels, 27 February 2016. Available from http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2016/160227_01_en.htm.
———. (2016c). Remarks by High Representative/Vice-President Federica Mogherini at the joint press conference with Prime Minister Isa Mustafa and Commissioner Dimitris Avramopoulos during the visit to Kosovo, Kosovo, 5 May 2016. Available from http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2016/160505_04_en.htm.
Hopkins, V. (2015, November 11). Serbia accuses Kosovo of mocking Brussels deal. Balkan Insight. Available from http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/belgrade-pristina-row-over-brussels-agreement-suspension-11-11-2015.
Howorth, J. (2014, December). Catherine Ashton’s five-year term: A difficult assessment. Les Cahiers européens de Sciences Po. Available from http://www.sciencespo.fr/centre-etudes-europeennes/sites/sciencespo.fr.centre-etudeseuropeennes/files/n%C2%B03_2014_Howorth%20v4.pdf.
Innews Serbia. (2014a, May 9). Miroslav Lajcak to pay visit to Serbia. Innews Serbia, Brussels. Available from https://inserbia.info/today/2014/05/miroslav-lajcak-to-pay-visit-to-serbia/.
———. (2014b, January 30). Brussels agreement is example for ending conflict in region—Bildt, Innews Serbia. Available from https://inserbia.info/today/2014/01/brussels-agreement-is-example-for-ending-conflicts-in-region-bildt/.
International Court of Justice (ICJ). (2010). Accordance with international law of the unilateral declaration of independence in respect of Kosovo, Advisory Opinion of 22 July 2010. Available from http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=4&case=141&code=kos&p3=4.
International Crisis Group (ICG). (2012). Kosovo and Serbia: A little goodwill could go a long way. International Crisis Group, 2 February 2012. Available from https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/balkans/kosovo/kosovo-and-serbia-little-goodwill-could-go-long-way.
———. (2013). Serbia and Kosovo: The Path to Normalization. International Crisis Group, 19 February 2013. Available from https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/balkans/serbia/serbia-and-kosovo-path-normalisation.
Jovanovic, I. (2015, August 26). Serbia and Kosovo Reach Four Key Agreements, Balkan Insights. Available from http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/serbia-kosovo-reach-four-key-agreements-08-26-2015.
Kelmendi, J. (2011).The EU mission in Kosovo post-Independence. Morrisville: Lulu.com.
Ker-Lindsay, J. (2012). The Foreign Policy of Counter-Secession. Preventing the Recognition of Contested States. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kursani, S. (2012). A comprehensive vision for the North. The final countdown, Kosovar Institute for Policy Research and Development, February 2012. Available from http://www.kipred.org/en/news/A-Comprehensive-Vision-for-the-North-The-Final-Countdown-6.
Kushi, S. (2015, November 2015). Mitrovica’s symbol: Reconciliation amidst inevitability, history, and violence in Kosovo Open Democracy. Available from https://www.opendemocracy.net/sidita-kushi/mitrovica-s-symbol-reconciliation-amidst-inevitability-history-and-violence-in-kosovo.
Lehne, S. (2012, March). Kosovo and Serbia: Toward a normal relationship, Carnegie. Available from http://carnegieendowment.org/files/Kosovo_and_Serbia.pdf.
Milanovic, M., & Wood, M. (2015). The Law and Politics of the Kosovo Advisory Opinion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR). (2012). Republic of Serbia. Parliamentary and Early Presidential elections. 6 and 20 May 2012. Final Report, Warsaw, 31 July 2012. Available from http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/92509?download=true.
———. (2016). Republic of Serbia. Parliamentary and Early Presidential elections. 24 April 2016. Final Report, Warsaw, 29 July 2016. Available from http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/serbia/256926?download=true.
Perparim, I. (2016a, February 26). Violence erupts as Kosovo Parliament set to decide President. Balkan Insight. Available from http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/pristina-on-alert-ahead-of-president-vote-02-25-2016.
———. (2016b, April 21). OSCE agrees to run Serbian elections in Kosovo. Balkan Insight. Available from http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/osce-takes-over-serbian-elections-operation-in-kosovo-04-20-2016.
Polternman, A. (2014). Serbia caught between two chairs? Does Serbia want to be part of the Russian sphere of influence or join the European Union? Heinrich Böll Stiftung, 10 December 2014. Available from https://rs.boell.org/en/2014/12/10/serbia-caught-between-two-chairs-does-serbia-want-be-part-russian-sphere-influence-or.
Pop, V. (2011, December 9). Serbia and Montenegro face setbacks on EU path. EU Observer. Available from https://euobserver.com/enlargement/114558.
Popova, E. (2016, June 17). Kosovo Assembly extends EULEX mandate. Balkan Insight. Available from http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/kosovo-assembly-extends-eluex-mandate-06-17-2016.
Prelec, M. (2013). The Kosovo-Serbia agreement: Why less is more. International Crisis Group Blogs, 7 May 2013. Available from www.crisisgroupblogs.org/acrosseurasia/2013/05/07/the-kosovo-serbia-agreementwhy-less-is-more/.
Qafmolla, E. (2015, November 17). Kosovo opposition force MPs to Flee Parliament. Balkan Insight, 17 November 2015. Available from http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/with-teargas-and-pepper-spray-kosovo-opposition-clears-the-parliament-hall-11-17-2015.
Radio Free Europe. (2010, August 26). German Foreign Minister: Serbia must see ‘reality’ of independent Kosovo. Radio Free Europe. Available from http://www.rferl.org/a/German_Foreign_Minister_Serbia_Must_See_Reality_Of_Independent_Kosovo/2138559.html.
———. (2011a, December 2). Merkel says Kosovo Clashes show Serbia not ready for EU. Radio Free Europe. Available from http://www.rferl.org/a/merkel_says_kosovo_clashes_show_serbia_not_ready_for_eu/24409766.html.
———. (2011b, December 9). EU postpones Serbia candidacy decision until spring. Radio Free Europe. Available from http://www.rferl.org/a/eu_postpones_serbia_candidacy_decision/24416646.html.
———. (2013a, November 3). Kosovo votes in key local elections. Radio Free Europe. Available from http://www.rferl.org/a/kosovo-elections-local/25156331.html.
———. (2013b, November 4). OSCE indicates results in Northern Mitrovica can’t be determined. Radio Free Europe. Available from http://www.rferl.org/a/kosovo-municipal-elections-violence/25157006.html.
Republic of Serbia, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2016). Chronology of relations between the Republic of Serbia and the European Union. Available from http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/eu/political-relations-between-the-republic-of-serbia-and-the-european-union/12452-chronology-of-relations-between-the-republic-of-serbia-and-the-european-union.
Rettman A. (2013a, April 19). Ashton clinches Kosovo-Serbia deal. EU Observer. Available from https://euobserver.com/enlargement/119873.
———. (2013b, April 17). Germany sides with Kosovo against Serbia. EU Observer. Available from https://euobserver.com/enlargement/119833.
———. (2014, December 1). From Solana to Mogherini: What did Ashton really do? EU Observer. Available from https://euobserver.com/foreign/126734.
Reuters. (2011, November 28). NATO soldiers wounded by gunfire in Kosovo clash. Reuters. Available from http://www.reuters.com/article/us-kosovo-violence-idUSTRE7AR21220111128.
Shahini, B. (2016, February 18). Squaring the circle in Kosovo. Prishtina Insight. Available from http://prishtinainsight.com/squaring-the-circle-in-kosovo/.
Tannam, E. (2013). The EU’s response to the international court of justice’s judgment on Kosovo’s Declaration of independence. Europe-Asia Studies, 65(5), 946–964.
Teffer, P. (2015, November 11). Kosovo freezes EU-brokered deal with Serbia. EU Observer. Available from https://euobserver.com/enlargement/131061.
The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kosovo. (2015). Judgement in Case No. K0130/15, Pristina, 23 December 2015. Available from http://www.gjk-ks.org/repository/docs/gjk_ko_130_15_ang.pdf.
Tota, E. (2016, April 5). Agreement between Kosovo and Serbia on trade barriers fails. Independent Balkans News Agency. Available from http://www.balkaneu.com/agreement-kosovo-serbia-trade-barriers-fails/.
Trix, F. (2013, April). Serbia and Kosovo: A European success story. Informed Comment, 27.
UK Parliament. (2015). Documents considered by the Committee on 4 November 2015—European Scrutiny Contents. EU Special Representative in Kosovo. Available from http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201516/cmselect/cmeuleg/342-viii/34211.htm#note26.
UN General Assembly (UNGA). (2010). Request for an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on whether the unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo is in accordance with international law (A/RES/64/298), 9 September 2010. Available from http://undocs.org/A/RES/64/298.
Vaïsse, J., Kundnani, H., Bechev, D., Judah, B., Kobzova, D., Korski, D., et al. (2012). European Foreign Policy Scorecard 2012. London: ECFR.
Vaïsse, J., Dennison, S., Barnes-Dacey, J., Bechev, D., Dworkin, A., Gowan, R., et al. (2013). European Foreign Policy Scorecard 2013. London: ECFR.
Vogel, T. (2012a, January 17). EU starts visa talks with Kosovo. European Voice.
———. (2012b, February 24). Serbia and Kosovo strike name deal. European Voice.
———. (2012c, March 1). What’s in a name? European Voice. Available from https://www.politico.eu/article/whats-in-a-name-2/.
Wagstyl, S. (2014, November 27). Germany acts to counter Russia’s Balkan design. Financial Times. Available from https://www.ft.com/content/5e1d833c-7659-11e4-a704-00144feabdc0.
Western Balkans Summit, Final Declaration. (2015, August 27). Final Declaration by the Chair of the Vienna Western Balkans Summit. Vienna. Available from https://www.bmeia.gv.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Zentrale/Aussenpolitik/Chairman_s_Conclusions_Western_Balkans_Summit.pdf.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Amadio Viceré, M.G. (2018). In the Shadow of Statehood: The Role of the High Representative in Kosovo. In: The High Representative and EU Foreign Policy Integration. European Administrative Governance. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76614-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76614-0_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-76613-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-76614-0
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)