Abstract
Feminist scholars offer distinctive theoretical tools to conceptualize the relationship between gender relations and welfare states. Mainstream scholars have been responsive to this work, increasingly considering the centrality of gender to the transformations of contemporary welfare states, although some of the most important theoretical and political implications of feminist analyses have not yet been fully integrated. In this paper, we reflect on the theoretical and methodological challenges facing scholarship that aims to make gendered power relations central to the analysis of welfare states. We discuss the main implications of feminist analyses, centering on the significance of the gendered division of labor and power, and the way they have been or are yet to be integrated into our understandings of welfare states. Next, we examine scholarship on policies that are particularly significant for reflecting, reshaping and occasionally undermining the gendered division of labor. Finally, we offer two suggestions for improving our analyses of gender and welfare states. First, scholars should consider how social provision is always involved in the regulation of individuals and groups as well as redistribution; the relationship between the disciplinary and redistributive functions of the state should be analytically central for understanding the political shaping of gender relations. Second, we discuss the connection between state policies and social politics, briefly reviewing the political drivers underpinning policies that differ in generosity, scope of coverage, bases for entitlement, and in the goals they purport to address and logics they instantiate, and suggest that gendered political goals and identities be contextualized.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abramovitz, M. (1988). Regulating the lives of women: Social welfare policy from colonial times to the present. Boston, MA: South End Press.
Akgündüz, Y. E., & Plantega, J. (2013). Leisure smoothing: An alternative approach to analysing care policy. Journal of European Social Policy, 23(4), 376–389.
Alstott, A. (2004). No exit: What parents owe their children and what society owes parents. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
Anderson, B. (2000). Doing the dirty work?. The global politics of domestic labour: London Zed Books.
Bashevkin, S. (2002). Welfare hot buttons: Women, work, and social policy reform. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Bertrand, M., & Hallock, K. F. (2001). The gender gap in top corporate jobs. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 55, 3–21.
Bettio, F., Simonazzi, A., & Villa, P. (2006). Change in care regimes and female migration: The care drain in the mediterranean. Journal of European Social Policy, 16(3), 271–285.
Bianchi, S. M., Robinson, J. P., & Milkie, M. (2006). The changing rhythms of american family life. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Blau, F. D., Ferber, M. A., & Winkler, A. E. (2010). The economics of women, men, and work. Upple Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Blau, F. D., & Kahn, L. M. (2013). Female labor supply: Why is the United States falling behind? American Economic Review, 103(3), 251–256.
Blom-Hansen, J. (2000). Still corporatism in scandinavia? A survey of recent empirical findings. Scandinavian Political Studies, 23(2), 157–181.
Bock, G., & Thane, P. (1991). Maternity and gender policies: Women and the rise of the European welfare states: 1880s–1950s. New York: Routledge.
Bolzendahl, C., & Brooks, C. (2007). Women’s political representation and welfare state spending in 12 capitalist democracies. Social Forces, 85(4), 1509–1534.
Bolzendahl, C., & Olafsdottir, S. (2008). Gender group interest or gender ideology? Understanding U.S. support for family policy within the liberal welfare regime. Sociological Perspectives, 51(2), 281–304.
Bowman, J. R., & Cole, A. M. (2009). Do working mothers oppress other women? The swedish “maid debate” and the welfare state politics of gender equality. Signs, 35(1), 157–184.
Bratton, K. (2005). Critical mass theory revisited: The behavior and success of token women in state legislatures. Politics & Gender, 1(1), 97–125.
Brennan, D., Cass, B., Himmelweit, S., & Szebehely, M. (2012). The marketisation of care: Rationales and consequences in Nordic and liberal care regimes. Journal of European Social Policy, 22(4), 377–391.
Brooks, C., & Manza, J. (2007). Why welfare states persists: The importance of public opinion in democracies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Browne, J. (2013). The default model: gender equality, fatherhood, and structural constraint. Politics & Gender, 9, 152–173.
Cantillon, B. (2011). The paradox of the social investment state: Growth, employment and poverty in the lisbon era. Journal of European Social Policy, 21(5), 432–449.
Carbonnier, C., & Morel, N. (Eds.). (2015). The political economy of household services in Europe. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Castles, F. G., Leibfried, S., Lewis, J., Obinger, H., & Pierson, C. (Eds.). (2010). The oxford handbook of the welfare state. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Coltrane, S. (2000). Research on household labor: Modelling and measuring the social embeddedness of routine family work. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 1208–1233.
Cooke, L. P. (2011). Gender-class equality in political economies. New York: Routledge.
Craig, L., & Mullan, K. (2011). How mothers and fathers share childcare: A cross-national time-use comparison. American Sociological Review, 76(6), 834–861.
Crompton, R. (2006). Employment and the family: The reconfiguation of work and family life in contemporary societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Daly, M., & Lewis, J. (2000). The concept of social care and the analysis of contemporary welfare states. British Journal of Sociology, 51(2), 281–298.
Duvander, A.-Z., & Johansson, M. (2012). What are the effects of reforms promoting fathers’ parental leave use? Journal of European Social Policy, 22(3), 319–330.
Eagly, A. H., & Diekman, A. B. (2006). Examining gender gaps in sociopolitical attitudes: It’s not mars and venus. Feminism & Psychology, 16, 26–34.
Edlund, L., Haider, L., & Pande, R. (2005). Unmarried parenthood and redistributive politics. Journal of the European Economic Association, 3, 95–119.
Edwards, F. (2016). Saving children, controlling families: Punishment, redistribution, and child protection. American Sociological Review, 81(3), 575–595.
Ehrenreich, B., & Hochschild, A. R. (Eds.). (2002). Global woman: Nannies, maids and sex workers in the new economy. London: Granta Books.
Ellingsæter, A. L. (1998). Dual breadwinner societies: Provider models in the scandinavian welfare states. Acta Sociologica, 41, 59–73.
England, P. (2005). Emerging theories of care work. Annual Review of Sociology, 31, 381–399.
England, P. (2010). The gender revoluation: Uneven and stalled. Gender & Society, 24(2), 149–166.
Engster, D., & Stensöta, H. O. (2011). Do family policy regimes matter for children’s well-being? Social Politics, 18(1), 82–124.
Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The three worlds of welfare capitalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Esping-Andersen, G. (2002). A new gender contract. In Why We (Ed.), Need a new welfare state. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Esping-Andersen, G. (2009). The incomplete revolution: Adapting to women’s new roles. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Estévez-Abe, M. (2015). The outsourcing of house cleaning and low skill immigrant workers. Social Politics, 22(2), 147–169.
Evertsson, M., England, P., Mooi-Reci, I., Hermsen, J., De Bruijn, J., & Cotter, D. (2009). Is gender inequality greater at lower or higher educational levels? Common patterns in the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States. Social Politics, 16(2), 210–241.
Eydal, G. B., & Rostgaard, T. (2014). Fatherhood in the nordic welfare states: Comparing care policies and practice. Bristol: Policy Press.
Ferragina, E., & Seeleib-Kaiser, M. (2014). Determinants of a silent (R)evolution: Understanding the expansion of family policy in rich OECD countries. Social Politics, 22(1), 1–37.
Ferrarini, T. (2006). Families, states and labour markets: Institutions, causes and consequences of family policy in post-war welfare states. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Finch, J. (1989). Family obligations and social change. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Fineman, M. A. (2008). The vulnerable subject: Anchoring equality in the human condition. Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, 20(1), 1–23.
Folbre, N., Gornick, J. C., Connolly, H., & Munzi, T. (2014). Women’s Employment, Unpaid Work, and Economic Inequality. In C. Janet (Ed.), Studies in social inequality: Income inequality: Economic disparities and the middle class in affluent countries. Gornick and Markus Jäntti. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Fraser, N. (1994). After the family wage: Gender equality and the welfare state. Political Theory, 22, 591–618.
Fraser, N., & Gordon, L. (1994). A genealogy of dependency: Tracing a keyword of the U.S. welfare state. Signs, 19(2), 309–336.
Frederick, B. (2011). Gender turnover and roll call voting in the US Senate. Journal of Women, Politics & Policy, 32(3), 193–210.
Gerrity, J. C., Osborn, Tracy, & Mendez, J. M. (2007). Women and representation: A different view of the district. Politics & Gender, 3(2), 179–200.
Gerson, K. (2010). The unfinished revoluation: How a new generation is reshaping family, work, and gender in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Geva, D. (2011). Not just maternalism: Marriage and fatherhood in american welfare policy. Social Politics, 18(1), 24–51.
Ghysels, J., & Van Lancker, W. (2011). The unequal benefits of activation: An analysis of the social distribution of family policy among families with young children. Journal of European Social Policy, 21(5), 472–485.
Gilens, M. (1995). Racial attitudes and opposition to welfare. Journal of Politics, 57, 994–1014.
Gilens, M. (1999). Why Americans hate welfare: Race, media, and the politics of antipoverty policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Gingrich, J., & Häusermann, S. (2015). The decline of the working-class vote, the reconfiguration of the welfare support coalition and consequences for the welfare state. Journal of European Social Policy, 25(1), 50–75.
Gornick, J. C., & Meyers, M. K. (2003). Families that work: Policies for reconciling parenthood and employment. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Gornick, J. C., & Meyers, M. K. (2009). Institutions that support gender equality in parenthood and employment. In C. Janet (Ed.), Gender equality: Transforming family divisions of labor. Gornick and Marcia K. Meyers. London; New York: Verso.
Gough, I. (1979). The political economy of the welfare state. London: Macmillan.
Haas, L., & Rostgaard, T. (2011). Father’s rights to paid parental leave in the nordic countries: Consequences for gendered division of leave. Community, Work & Family, 14(2), 177–195.
Hancock, A.-M. (2004). The politics of disgust: The public identity of the welfare queen. New York: New York University Press.
Haney, L. A. (2000). Feminist state theory: Applications to jurisprudence, criminology, and the welfare state. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 641–666.
Haney, L. A. (2004). Gender, welfare, and states of punishment. Social politics, 11(3), 333–362.
Haney, L. A. (2010). Offending women: Power, punishment, and the regulation of desire. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Hasenfeld, Y., Ghose, T., & Larson, K. (2004). The logic of sanctioning welfare recipients: An empirical assessment. Social Service Review, 78, 304–319.
Hawkesworth, M. (2003). Congressional enactments of race-gender: Toward a theory of raced-gendered institutions. The American Political Science Review, 97(4), 529–550.
Hays, S. (2003). Flat broke with children: Women in the age of welfare reform. New York: Oxford University Press.
Himmelweit, S. (2005). Caring. New Economy, 12(3), 168–173.
Hochschild, A. R., & Machung, A. (2003). The second shift. New York: Penguin Books.
Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. (2001). Doméstica: Immigrant workers cleaning and caring in the shadows of affluence. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Hook, J. L. (2006). Care in context: Men’s unpaid work in 20 countries, 1965–2003. American Sociological Review, 71(4), 639–660.
Hook, J. L. (2010). Gender inequality in the welfare state: Sex segregation in housework, 1965–2003. American Journal of Sociology, 115(5), 1480–1523.
Htun, M., & Weldon, L. (2017). States and gender justice. In K. J. Morgan & A. S. Orloff (Eds.), The many hands of the state: Theorizing political authority and social control (pp. 158–177). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Huber, E., & Stephens, J. D. (2000). Partisan governance, women’s employment, and the social democratic service state. American Sociological Review, 65(3), 323–342.
Huber, E., & Stephens, J. D. (2001). Development and crisis of the welfare state. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Iversen, T., & Rosenbluth, F. (2010). Women, work, and politics: The political economy of gender inequality. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Jenson, J. (2004). Catching up to reality: Building the case for a new social model. Ottawa: Canadian Policy Research Networks.
Jenson, J. (2009). Lost in translation: The social investment perspective and gender equality. Social Politics, 16(4), 446–483.
Jenson, J. (2015). The fading goal of gender equality: Three policy directions that underpin the resilience of gendered socio-economic inequalities. Social Politics, 22(4), 539–560.
Jenson, J., & Mahon, R. (1993). Representing solidarity: Class, gender and the crisis in social-democratic Sweden. New Left Review I (201).
Kamerman, S. B., & Moss, P. (Eds.). (2011). The politics of parental leave policies: Children, parenting. Gender and the Labour Market: Chicago Chicago University Press.
Keck, W., & Saraceno, C. (2013). The impact of different social-policy frameworks on social inequalities among women in the European Union: The labour-market participation of mothers. Social Politics, 20(3), 297–328.
Kleider, H. (2015). Paid and unpaid work: The impact of social policies on the gender division of labour. Journal of European Social Policy, 25(5), 505–520.
Korpi, W. (2000). Faces of inequality: Gender, class, and patterns of inequalities in different types of welfare states. Social Politics, 7(2), 127–191.
Korpi, W., Ferrarini, T., & Englund, S. (2013). Women’s opportunities under different family policy constellations: Gender, class, and inequality tradeoffs in western countries re-examined. Social Politics, 20(1), 1–40.
Korteweg, A. C. (2003). Welfare reform and the subject of the working mother: ‘Get a job, a better job, then a career’. Theory and Society, 32, 445–480.
Kotsadam, A., & Finseraas, H. (2011). The state intervenes in the battle of the sexes: Causal effects of paternity leave. Social Science Research, 40, 1611–1622.
Koven, S., & Michel, S. (1993). Mothers of a new world: maternalist politics and the origins o welfare states. New York: Routledge.
Kremer, M. (2007). How welfare states care. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Kröger, T., & Yeandle, S. (2013). Combining paid work and family care: Policies and experiences in international perspective. Bristol: Policy Press at the University of Bristol.
Lalive, R., & Zweimüller, J. (2009). How does parental leave affect fertility and return to work? Evidence from two natural experiments. The Quaterly Journal of Economics, 124(3), 1363–1402.
Leira, A. (2004). Post-industrial families—New forms of bonding. In Trudie Knijn & Aafke Komter (Eds.), Solidarity between the sexes and the generations: Transformations in Europe (pp. 185–200). London: Edward Elgar Publishing.
León, M. (2010). Migration and care work in Spain: The domestic sector revisited. Social Policy and Society, 9(3), 409–418.
Lewis, J. (1992). Gender and the development of welfare regimes. Journal of European Social Policy, 2(3), 159–173.
Lewis, J. (2001). The decline of the male breadwinner model: Implications for work and care. Social Politics, 8(2), 152–169.
Lewis, J. (2002). Gender and welfare state change. European Societies, 4, 331–357.
Luker, K. (1984). Abortion and the politics of motherhood. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Lutz, H. (2008). Introduction: Migrant Domestic Workers in Europe. In Helma Lutz (Ed.), Migration and domestic work: A european perspective on a global theme (pp. 1–12). Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
Mahon, R. (2002). Child care in Canada and Sweden: Politics and policy. Social Politics, 4(3), 382–418.
Mandel, H. (2011). Rethinking the paradox: Tradeoffs in work-family policy and patterns of gender inequality. Community, Work & Family, 14(2), 159–176.
Mandel, H. (2012). Winners and losers: The consequences of welfare state policies for gender wage inequality. European Sociological Review, 28(2), 241–262.
Mandel, H., & Semyonov, M. (2006). A welfare state paradox: State interventions and women’s employment opportunities in 22 countries. American Journal of Sociology, 111(6), 1910–1949.
Mandel, H., & Shalev, M. (2009). Gender, class, and varieties of capitalism. Social Politics, 16(2), 161–181.
Mansbridge, J. (1986). Why we lost the ERA. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Mathers, S., & Sylva, K. (2007). ‘Infants and toddlers in centre-based childcare: Does quality matter?’ National evaluation of the neighbourhood nurseries initiative: Integrated report. London: HMSO.
McIntosh, M. (1978). The state and the oppression of women. In Annette Kuhn & Ann Marie Wolpe (Eds.), Feminism and materialism: Women and modes of production (pp. 254–289). London: Routledge and Keagan Paul.
Meyer, M. H. (1996). Making claims as workers or wives: The distribution of social security benefits. American Sociological Review, 61(3), 449–465.
Milkman, R., Reese, E., & Roth, B. (1998). The macrosociology of paid domestic labor. Work and Occupations, 25(4), 483–510.
Misra, J., Budig, M. J., & Moller, S. (2007). Reconciliation policies and the effects of motherhood on employment, earnings and poverty. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, 9(2), 135–155.
Morel, N. (2007). From subsidiarity to ‘free choice’: Child and elder-care policy reforms in France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Social Policy and Administration, 41(6), 618–637.
Morel, N., Palier, B., & Palme, J. (Eds.). (2012). Towards a social investment welfare state? Ideas, policies and challenges. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Morgan, K. J. (2005). The “production” of child care: How labor markets shape social policy and vice versa. Social Politics, 12(2), 243–263.
Morgan, K. J., & Orloff, A. S. (Eds.). (2017). The many hands of the state: Theorizing political authority and social control. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Morgan, K. J., & Zippel, K. (2003). Paid to care: The origins and effects of care leave policies in Western Europe. Social Politics, 10(1), 49–85.
O’Connor, J. S. (2014). The state and gender equality: From patriarchal to women-friendly state? In S. Leibfried, E. Huber, M. Lange, J. D. Levy, & J. D. Stephens (Eds.), The oxford handbook of transformations of the state. Oxford.
O’Connor, J. S., Orloff, A. S., & Shaver, S. (2009). Liberalism, gendered policy logics and mobilisation: A story of coherence and contradictions. In Markets States (Ed.), Families: gender, liberalism, and social policy in Australia, Canada, Great Britain, and the United States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
O’Connor, J. S., Orloff, A. S., & Shaver, S. (1999). States, markets, families: Gender, liberalism, and social policy in Australia, Canada, Great Britain, and the United States. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
Orloff, A. S. (1993). Gender and the social rights of citizenship: The comparative analysis of state policies and gender relations. American Sociological Review, 58(3), 303–328.
Orloff, A. S. (2006). From maternalism to ‘employment for all’: State policies to promote women’s employment across the affluent democracies. In J. D. Levy (Eds.), The state after statism: New state activities in the era of globalization and liberalization. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Orloff, A. S. (2009). Gendering the comparative analysis of welfare states: An unfinished agenda. Sociological Theory, 27(3).
Orloff, A. S. (2017). Gendered states made and remade: Gendered labor policies in the United States and Sweden, 1960–2010. In K. J. Morgan & A. Orloff (Eds.), The many hands of the state: Theorizing political authority and social control (pp. 131–157). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Orloff, A. S., & Palier, B. (2009). The power of gender perspectives: Feminist influence on policy paradigms, social science, and social politics. Social Politics, 16(4), 405–412.
Österle, A., & Hammer, E. (2007). Care allowances and the formalization of care arrangements: The Austrian experience. In Clare Ungerson & Clare Yeandle (Eds.), Cas for care in developed welfare states. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Pateman, C. (1988). The patriarchal welfare state. In A. Gutmann (Eds.), Democracy and the welfare state. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Pedersen, S. (1993). Family, dependence, and the origins of the welfare state: Britain and France, 1914–1945. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Pettit, B., & Hook, J. L. (2009). Gendered tradeoffs: Women, family, and workplace inequality in twenty-one countries. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Piven, F. F., & Cloward, R. A. (1971 [1993]). Regulating the poor: The functions of public welfare. New York: Vintage.
Puhani, P. A., & Sonderhof, K. (2011). The effects of parental leave extension on training for young women. Journal of Population Economics, 24(2), 731–760.
Reese, E. (2005). Backlash against welfare mothers: Past and present. Thousand Oaks, CA: University of California Press.
Reese, E. (2011). They say cutback, we say fightback! Welfare rights activism in an era of retrenchment. New York: American Sociological Association’s Rose Series.
Reese, E., D’Auria, S., & Loughrin, S. (2015). Gender. In D. Béland, K. J. Morgan, & C. Howard (Eds.), Oxford handbook of U.S. social policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Reichman, N. E., Teitler, J. O., & Curtis, M. A. (2005). TANF sanctioning and hardship. Social Service Review, 79(2), 215–236.
Ridgeway, C. L. (2011). Framed by gender: How gender inequality persists in the modern world. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rose, S. J., & Hartmann, H. (2004). Still a man’s labor market: The long-term earnings gap. Washington, DC: Institue for Women’s Policy Research.
Ruggie, M. (1984). The state and working women: A comparative study of Britain and Sweden. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rush, E. (2006). Child care quality in Australia. Canberra: Australia Institute.
Sayer, L. C., Bianchi, S. M., & Robinson, J. P. (2004). Are parents investing less in children? Trends in mothers’ and fathers’ time with children. American Journal of Sociology, 110(1), 1–43.
Schram, S. F. (2006). Welfare discipline: Discourse, governance, and globalization. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Schram, S. F., Soss, J., Fording, R. C., & Houser, L. (2009). Deciding to discipline: Race, choice, and punishment at the frontlines of welfare reform. American Sociological Review, 74, 398–422.
Shalev, M. (2000). Class meets gender in comparative social policy. Social Politics, 7(2), 220–228.
Shirazi, R., & Biel, A. (2005). Internal-external causal attributions and perceived government responsibility for need provision: A 14-culture study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 96–116.
Shire, K. (2015). Family supports and insecure work: The politics of household service employment in conservative welfare regimes. Social Politics, 22(2), 193–219.
Simonazzi, A. (2009). Care Regimes and national employment models. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33(211–232).
Skocpol, T. (1992). Protecting soldiers and mothers: Political origins of social policy in the United States. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Smith, A. M. (2007). Welfare reform and sexual regulation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Smooth, W. (2006). A case of access denied? Gender, race and legislative influence. Women in Politics: Seeking Office and Making Policy, Institute of Government Studies and Center for Politics, University of California-Berkely.
Soss, J., Fording, R. C., & Schram, S. F. (2011). Disciplining the poor: Neoliberal paternalism and the persistent power of race. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Steensland, B. (2006). Cultural categories and the American welfare state: The case of guaranteed income policy. American Journal of Sociology, 111(5), 1273–1326.
Stier, H., Lewin-Epstein, N., & Braun, M. (2001). Welfare regimes, family-supportive policies, and women’s employment along the life-course. American Journal of Sociology, 106(6), 1731–1760.
Swers, M. L. (2002). The difference women make: The policy impact of women in congress. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Ungerson, C. (2003). Commodified care work in European labour markets. European Societies, 5(4), 377–396.
Ungerson, C. (2006). Gender, care, and the welfare state. In K. Davis, M. E, & J. Lorber (Eds.), Handbook of gender and women’s studies (pp. 272–286). London: SAGE.
Vandenbroucke, F., & Vleminckx, K. (2011). Disappointing poverty trends: Is the social investment state to blame? Journal of European Social Policy, 21(5), 450–471.
Waerness, K., & Ringen, S. (1984). Women in the welfare state: The case of formal and informal old-age care. International Journal of Sociology, 16(3/4), 161–173.
Watkins-Hayes, C. (2009). The new welfare bureaucrats—Entanglements of race, class and policy reform. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Williams, F., & Brennan, D. (2012). Care, markets and migration in a globalising world: Introduction to the special issue. Journal of European Social Policy, 22(4), 355–362.
Williams, F., & Gavanas, A. (2008). The intersection of childcare regimes and migration regimes: A three-country study. In H. Lutz (Ed.), Migration and domestic work: A European perspective on a global theme. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Wilson, E. (1977). Women and the welfare state. London: Tavistock.
Yang, P., & Barrett, N. (2006). Understanding public attitudes towards social security. International Journal of Social Welfare, 15, 95–109.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Laperrière, M., Orloff, A.S. (2018). Gender and Welfare States. In: Risman, B., Froyum, C., Scarborough, W. (eds) Handbook of the Sociology of Gender. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76333-0_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76333-0_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-76332-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-76333-0
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)