Abstract
Brain perfusion SPECT is used for assessment of brain death, cerebral ischemia, stroke, and trauma, lateralization and localization of epileptogenic foci in presurgical patients, early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and differentiating AD from other dementias.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Kapucu OL, Nobili F, Varrone A, Booij J, Vander Borght T, e t a (2009) EANM procedure guideline for brain perfusion SPECT using 99mTc-labelled radiopharmaceuticals, version 2. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 36:2093–2102
Juni JE, Waxman AD, Devous MD Sr, Tikofsky RS, Ichise M et al (2009) Procedure guideline for brain perfusion SPECT using (99m)Tc radiopharmaceuticals 3.0. J Nucl Med Technol 37:191–195
Véra P, Kaminska A, Cieuta C, Hollo A, Stiévenart JL et al (1999) Use of subtraction ictal SPECT co-registered to MRI for optimizing the localization of seizure foci in children. J Nucl Med 40:786–792
Packard AB, Roach PJ, Davis RT, Carmant L, Davis R et al (1996) Ictal and interictal technetium-99m-bicisate brain SPECT in children with refractory epilepsy. J Nucl Med 37:1101–1106
Cikrit DF, Dalsing MC, Harting PS, Burt RW, Lalka SG et al (1997) Cerebral vascular reactivity assessed with acetazolamide single photon emission computer tomography scans before and after carotid endarterectomy. Am J Surg 174:193–197
Society of Nuclear Medicine Procedure Guideline for FDG PET Brain Imaging Version 1.0, approved February 8, 2009
Varrone A, Asenbaum S, Vander Borght T, Booij J, Nobili F et al (2009) EANM procedure guidelines for PET brain imaging using [18F]FDG, version 2. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 36:2103–2110
Stanescu L, Ishak GE, Khanna PC, Biyyam DR, Shaw DW et al (2013) FDG PET of the brain in pediatric patients: imaging spectrum with MR imaging correlation. Radiographics 33:1279–1303
Chugani HT, Phelps ME (1991) Imaging human brain development with positron emission tomography. J Nucl Med 32:23–26
Kennedy C, Sokoloff L (1957) An adaptation of the nitrous oxide method to the study of the cerebral circulation in children: normal values for cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate in childhood. J Clin Invest 36:1130–1137
Herholz K, Salmon E, Perani D, Baron JC, Holthoff V et al (2002) Discrimination between Alzheimer dementia and controls by automated analysis of multicenter FDG PET. NeuroImage 17:302–316
Loessner A, Alavi A, Lewandrowski KU, Mozley D, Souder E et al (1995) Regional cerebral function determined by FDG-PET in healthy volunteers: normal patterns and changes with age. J Nucl Med 36:1141–1149
Moeller JR, Ishikawa T, Dhawan V, Spetsieris P, Mandel F et al (1996) The metabolic topography of normal aging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16:385–398
Garibotto V, Heinzer S, Vulliemoz S, Guignard R, Wissmeyer M et al (2013) Clinical applications of hybrid PET/MRI in neuroimaging. Clin Nucl Med 38:e13–e18
Abdel-Dayem HM, Elgazzar AH (1989) The determination of death and the changing role of medical imaging. Radiographics 9:650–651
Donohoe KJ, Agrawal G, Frey KA, Gerbaudo VH, Mariani G et al (2012) SNM practice guideline for brain death scintigraphy 2.0. J Nucl Med Technol 40:198–203
Al-Shammri S, Al-Feeli M (2004) Confirmation of brain death using brain radionuclide perfusion imaging technique. Med Princ Pract 13:267–272
Momose T, Nishikawa J, Watanabe T, Ohtake T, Sasaki Y et al (1992) Clinical application of 18F-FDG-PET in patients with brain death. Kaku Igaku 29:1139–1142
Booij J (2008) [123I]FP-CIT SPECT: potential effects of drugs. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 35:424–438
Djang DS, Janssen MJ, Bohnen N, Booij J, Henderson TA et al (2012) SNM practice guideline for dopamine transporter imaging with 123I-ioflupane SPECT 1.0. J Nucl Med 53:154–163
Jennings DL, Seibyl JP, Oakes D, Eberly S, Murphy J et al (2004) (123I) beta-CIT and single-photon emission computed tomographic imaging vs clinical evaluation in parkinsonian syndrome: unmasking an early diagnosis. Arch Neurol 61:1224–1229
McKusick KA, Malmud LS, Kordela PA, Wagner HN Jr (1973) Radionuclide cisternography: normal values for nasal secretion of intrathecally injected 111In-DTPA. J Nucl Med 14:933–934
Grantham VV, Blakley B, Winn J (2006) Technical review and considerations for a cerebrospinal fluid leakage study. J Nucl Med Technol 34:48–51
Nuclear Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. List of drug interactions with radiopharmaceuticals. http://nuclearpharmacy.uams.edu/resources/. Accessed 5 Jan 2006
Mettler FA Jr, Guiberteau MJ (1998) Cerebrovascular system. In: Essentials of nuclear medicine imaging, 4th edn. W.B. Saunders Company, p 101
MacDonald A, Burrell S (2009) Infrequently performed studies in nuclear medicine: part 2. J Nucl Med Technol 37:1–13
Ashraf R, Sostre S (1995) Differing scintigraphic patterns of lumboperitoneal shunt dysfunction in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and pseudotumor cerebri. Clin Nucl Med 20:140–146
Reiman EM, Caselli RJ, Yun LS, Chen K, Bandy D, Minoshima S et al (1996) Preclinical evidence of Alzheimer’s disease in persons homozygous for the epsilon 4 allele for apolipoprotein E. N Engl J Med 334:752–758
Small GW, Ercoli LM, Silverman DH, Huang SC, Komo S et al (2000) Cerebral metabolic and cognitive decline in persons at genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:6037–6042
Mosconi L, Rinne JO, Tsui WH, Murray J, Li Y et al (2013) Amyloid and metabolic positron emission tomography imaging of cognitively normal adults with Alzheimer’s parents. Neurobiol Aging 34:22–34
Arnaiz E, Jelic V, Almkvist O, Wahlund LO, Winblad B et al (2001) Impaired cerebral glucose metabolism and cognitive functioning predict deterioration in mild cognitive impairment. Neuroreport 12:851–855
Yuan Y, Gu ZX, Wei WS (2009) Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography, single-photon emission tomography, and structural MR imaging for prediction of rapid conversion to Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis. Am J Neuroradiol 30:404–410
Mountz JM, San Pedro EC (2015) Nuclear medicine imaging of CNS: basis of clinical applications. In: Elgazzar AH (ed) The pathophysiologic basis of nuclear medicine, 3rd edn. Springer, p 634
Klunk WE, Engler H, Nordberg A, Wang Y, Blomqvist G et al (2004) Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease with Pittsburgh Compound-B. Ann Neurol 55:306–319
Wong DF, Rosenberg PB, Zhou Y, Kumar A, Raymont V et al (2010) In vivo imaging of amyloid deposition in Alzheimer disease using the radioligand 18F-AV-45 (florbetapir [corrected] F 18). J Nucl Med 51:913–920
Villemagne VL, Ong K, Mulligan RS, Holl G, Pejoska S et al (2011) Amyloid imaging with (18)F-florbetaben in Alzheimer disease and other dementias. J Nucl Med 52:1210–1217
Fodero-Tavoletti MT, Cappai R, McLean CA, Pike KE, Adlard PA et al (2009) Amyloid imaging in Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Brain Imaging Behav 3:246–261
Rowe CC, Ellis KA, Rimajova M, Bourgeat P, Pike KE et al (2010) Amyloid imaging results from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging. Neurobiol Aging 31:1275–1283
Cairns NJ, Ikonomovic MD, Benzinger T, Storandt M, Fagan AM et al (2009) Absence of Pittsburgh compound B detection of cerebral amyloid beta in a patient with clinical, cognitive, and cerebrospinal fluid markers of Alzheimer disease: a case report. Arch Neurol 66:1557–1562
Chien DT, Bahri S, Szardenings AK, Walsh JC, Mu F et al (2013) Early clinical PET imaging results with the novel PHF-tau radioligand [F-18]-T807. J Alzheimers Dis 34:457–468
Eisenmenger LB, Huo EJ, Hoffman JM, Minoshima S, Matesan MC et al (2016) Advances in PET imaging of degenerative, cerebrovascular, and traumatic causes of dementia. Semin Nucl Med 46(1):57–87
Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MJ, Buchhalter J, Cross JH et al (2010) Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005-2009. Epilepsia 51:676–685
Devous MD Sr, Thisted RA, Morgan GF, Leroy RF, Rowe CC (1988) SPECT brain imaging in epilepsy: a meta-analysis. J Nucl Med 39:285–293
Spencer SS (1994) The relative contributions of MRI SPECT and PET imaging in epilepsy. Epilepsia 35:S72–S89
Won HJ, Chang KH, Cheon JE, Kim HD, Lee DS et al (1999) Comparison of MR imaging with PET and ictal SPECT in 118 patients with intractable epilepsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20:593–599
Mountz JM, San Pedro EC (2015) Nuclear medicine imaging of CNS: basis of clinical applications. In: Elgazzar AH (ed) The pathophysiologic basis of nuclear medicine, 3rd edn. Springer, p 639
Savic I, Ingvar M, Stone-Elander S (1993) Comparison of [11C]flumazenil and [18F]FDG as PET markers of epileptic foci. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 56:615–621
Savic I, Thorell JO, Roland P (1995) [11C]flumazenil positron emission tomography visualizes frontal epileptogenic regions. Epilepsia 36:1225–1232
Szelies B, Weber-Luxenburger G, Pawlik G, Kessler J, Holthoff V et al (1996) MRI-guided flumazenil- and FDG-PET in temporal lobe epilepsy. NeuroImage 3:109–118
Vivash L, Gregoire MC, Lau EW, Ware RE, Binns D et al (2013) 18F-flumazenil: a γ-aminobutyric acid A-specific PET radiotracer for the localization of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. J Nucl Med 54:1270–1277
Guidelines for the diagnosis of brain death. Canadian Neurocritical Care Group. Can J Neurol Sci. 1999;26:64–66
Lee VW, Hauck RM, Morrison MC, Peng TT, Fischer E et al (1987) Scintigraphic evaluation of brain death: significance of sagittal sinus visualization. J Nucl Med 28:1279–1283
Appelt EA, Song WS, Phillips WT, Metter DF, Salman UA et al (2008) The “hot nose” sign on brain death scintigraphy: where does the flow really go? Clin Nucl Med 33:55–57
Meyer MA (1996) Evaluating brain death with positron emission tomography: case report on dynamic imaging of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose activity after intravenous bolus injection. J Neuroimaging 6:117–119
Derdeyn CP, Yundt KD, Videen TO, Carpenter DA, Grubb RL Jr et al (1998) Increased oxygen extraction fraction is associated with prior ischemic events in patients with carotid occlusion. Stroke 29:754–758
Eicker SO, Turowski B, Heiroth HJ, Steiger HJ, Hänggi D (2011) A comparative study of perfusion CT and 99m Tc-HMPAO SPECT measurement to assess cerebrovascular reserve capacity in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion. Eur J Med Res 16:484–490
Knapp WH, von Kummer R, Kübler W (1986) Imaging of cerebral blood flow-to-volume distribution using SPECT. J Nucl Med 27:465–470
Egge A, Sjøholm H, Waterloo K, Solberg T, Ingebrigtsen T et al (2005) Serial single-photon emission computed tomographic and transcranial doppler measurements for evaluation of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 57:237–242
Batjer HH, Devous MD Sr (1992) The use of acetazolamide-enhanced regional cerebral blood flow measurement to predict risk to arteriovenous malformation patients. Neurosurgery 31:213–217
De Roo M, Mortelmans L, Devos P, Verbruggen A, Wilms G et al (1989) Clinical experience with Tc-99m HM-PAO high resolution SPECT of the brain in patients with cerebrovascular accidents. Eur J Nucl Med 15:9–15
Burn DJ, Mark MH, Playford ED, Maraganore DM, Zimmerman TR Jr et al (1992) Parkinson’s disease in twins studied with 18F-dopa and positron emission tomography. Neurology 42:1894–1900
Piccini P, Morrish PK, Turjanski N, Sawle GV, Burn DJ et al (1997) Dopaminergic function in familial Parkinson’s disease: a clinical and 18F-dopapositron emission tomography study. Ann Neurol 41:222–229
Dentresangle C, Veyre L, Le Bars D, Pierre C, Lavenne F et al (1999) Striatal D2 dopamine receptor status in Parkinson’s disease: an [18F]dopa and [11C]raclopride PET study. Mov Disord 14:1025–1030
Rinne JO, Laihinen A, Rinne UK, Någren K, Bergman J et al (1993) PET study on striatal dopamine D2 receptor changes during the progression of early Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 8:134–138
Kwon KY, Choi CG, Kim JS, Lee MC, Chung SJ (2007) Comparison of brain MRI and 18F-FDG PET in the differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy from Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 22:2352–2358
Juh R, Pae CU, Lee CU, Yang D, Chung Y et al (2005) Voxel based comparison of glucose metabolism in the differential diagnosis of the multiple system atrophy using statistical parametric mapping. Neurosci Res 52:211–219
Lehericy S, Meunier S, Garnero L, Vidailhet M (2003) Dystonia: contributions of functional imaging and magnetoencephalography. Rev Neurol 159:874–879
Lehéricy S, Tijssen MAJ, Vidailhet M, Kaji R, Meunier S (2013) The anatomical basis of dystonia: current view using neuroimaging. Mov Disord 28:944–957
Sung DH, Choi JY, Kim DH, Kim ES, Son YI et al (2007) Localization of dystonic muscles with 18F-FDG PET/CT in idiopathic cervical dystonia. J Nucl Med 48:1790–1795
Pourfar M, Feigin A, Tang CC, Carbon-Correll M, Bussa M et al (2011) Abnormal metabolic brain networks in Tourette syndrome. Neurology 76:944–952
Lerner A, Bagic A, Boudreau EA, Hanakawa T, Pagan F et al (2007) Neuroimaging of neuronal circuits involved in tic generation in patients with Tourette syndrome. Neurology 68:1979–1987
Patten DH, Benson DF (1968) Diagnosis of normal-pressure hydrocephalus by RISA cisternography. J Nucl Med 9:457–461
James AE Jr, DeLand FH, Hodges FJ 3rd, Wagner HN Jr (1970) Normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Role of cisternography in diagnosis. JAMA 213:1615–1622
Thut DP, Kreychman A, Obando JA (2014) 111In-DTPA cisternography with SPECT/CT for the evaluation of normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Nucl Med Technol 42:70–74
Uvebrant P, Sixt R, Bjure J, Roos A (1992) Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid shunt function in hydrocephalic children using 99mTc-DTPA. Childs Nerv Syst 8:76–80
Ouellette D, Lynch T, Bruder E, Everson E, Joubert G et al (2009) Additive value of nuclear medicine shuntograms to computed tomography for suspected cerebrospinal fluid shunt obstruction in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care 25:827–830
Galynker II, Cai J, Ongseng F, Finestone H, Dutta E et al (1998) Hypofrontality and negative symptoms in major depressive disorder. J Nucl Med 39:608–612
Newberg AB, Alavi A (2010) Role of PET in the investigation of neuropsychiatric disorders. PET Clin 5:223–242
Volkow ND, Wolf AP, Van Gelder P, Brodie JD, Overall JE et al (1987) Phenomenological correlates of metabolic activity in 18 patients with chronic schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 144:151–158
Wu JC, Buchsbaum MS, Hershey TG, Hazlett E, Sicotte N et al (1991) PET in generalized anxiety disorder. Biol Psychiatry 29:1181–1199
Volkow ND, Hitzemann R, Wolf AP, Logan J, Fowler JS et al (1990) Acute effects of ethanol on regional brain glucose metabolism and transport. Psychiatry Res 35:39–48
Baxter L, Schwartz J, Mazziotta J, Phelps ME, Pahl JJ et al (1988) Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in nondepressed patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 145:1560–1563
Swedo SE, Schapiro MB, Grady CL, Cheslow DL, Leonard HL et al (1989) Cerebral glucose metabolism in childhood-onset obsessive compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:518–523
Mountz JM, Tolbert LC, Lill DW, Katholi CR, Liu HG (1995) Functional deficits in autistic disorder: characterization by technetium-99m-HMPAO and SPECT. J Nucl Med 36:1156–1162
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Elgazzar, A.H., Sarikaya, I. (2018). Central Nervous System. In: Nuclear Medicine Companion. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76156-5_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76156-5_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-76155-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-76156-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)