Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is twofold. First, we aim to give a general overview of the main innovations, decade-by-decade, of internal migration studies from the 1970s until today. The second purpose is to highlight existing empirical research focused on interregional migration and gaps in the literature that must be addressed in the future.
Some of the material included in this chapter is based upon the MPhil Dissertation by Biagi (2014).
This work is not a product of the United States Government or the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The author is not doing this work in any governmental capacity. The views expressed are her own and do not necessarily represent those of the United States or the US EPA.
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Notes
- 1.
DaVanzo (1978) defines repeat and return migrants as ‘chronic migrants’.
- 2.
U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Annual Geographical Mobility Rates, By Type of Movement: 1947–2009. See also the contribution by Partridge (2010).
- 3.
For a discussion of pre-1970s studies, see Greenwood and Hunt (2003).
- 4.
Sjaastad (1962) applies the concept of human capital, as defined by Becker (1962), to migration decisions. Sjaastad’s approach is called the ‘endogenous human capital model of migration’, because the individual is viewed as rational and perfectly informed regarding how to invest in education and acquire skills in order to maximise future lifetime utility (in the form of income and job satisfaction) and whether and how to migrate based on this initial investment. Migration will take place in the case where discounted expected returns in earnings are the highest.
- 5.
DaVanzo uses longitudinal data on households from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Specifically, she models ‘a sample of 1605 white couples living in the United States whose marriages were intact in 1971 and 1972 and whose [household] heads were not students, retired, or in the military service in 1971’ (DaVanzo 1978, p. 506). Mincer (1978) offers theoretical models of the migration decision from a family perspective for the United States. The empirical findings used to support theoretical models utilize data from a variety of sources including U.S. Census Current Population Reports and other Census samples, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics National Longitudinal Surveys (NLS), and Coleman-Rossi (C-R) microdata samples.
- 6.
See Lambiri et al. (2007) for a contemporary review of the quality of life literature in economics and, more specifically, urban economics.
- 7.
The interpretation of regional differentials as ‘compensating differentials’ in wages and housing rents is due to Roback (1982).
- 8.
The microeconomic foundation for this theory is supplied by Rosen in an earlier paper (1974) and is based on the economic theory of revealed preferences and Lancaster’s (1966) new approach to consumer theory. Lancaster argues that consumers of heterogeneous commodities have preferences for each characteristic of the final good; therefore, they purchase a set of characteristics rather than a set of goods, per se. The final price of the heterogeneous goods embodies the implicit price of each specific characteristic. Rosen (1979) proposes the hedonic pricing method for calculating the implicit price of the quality of life in US cities, which is embodied in housing rents.
- 9.
Molho (1986) reviews existing theories of migration with specific attention paid to job search models, human capital approaches, and gravity models. A main contribution of this review is the formal representation of the human capital approach of Sjaastad (1962), which is presented in his seminal article without formalisation.
- 10.
For a clear explanation of job search models, see Faggian (2014).
- 11.
Roy’s model analyses occupational choice for heterogeneous skill levels; in 1992, Borjas et al. apply the model to migration analysis for the first time.
- 12.
Ferguson et al. (2007), analysing population change for 2400 Canadian communities, conclude that amenities prevail as drivers of migration for youth, young adults, and elderly cohorts.
- 13.
Cloud cover, minimum temperature, mean temperature, maximum temperature, and wet days.
- 14.
They use a combination of NUTS1 and NUTS2 data instead of the FURs used by Cheshire and Magrini (2006). According to Rodríguez-Pose and Ketterer (2012, p. 536), using administrative data on regions as a whole allows them ‘to capture the impact of different (non-urban) land cover variables on migrants’ place-based utility and hence provide an opportunity to study not only the amenity-related pull of city–regions, but also that of more peripheral (or rural) areas.
- 15.
Some scholars have pointed out that cities and regions are at the centre of innovation since they foster the interactions between workers and firms (Jacobs 1969). A fundamental role in the innovation process is played by production externalities of human capital accumulation (Lucas 1988). Some studies demonstrate that cities or regions with better educated people grow faster than others (Glaeser et al. 1995).
- 16.
Their dataset includes more than 500 regions in total.
- 17.
- 18.
- 19.
The economist Loury (1977) analyses social capital as one of the main attributes contributing to the accumulation of human capital.
- 20.
For a comprehensive look at the role of social capital in institutions and the labour market, see: http://www.socialcapitalgateway.org/publications/papers
- 21.
- 22.
A number of studies (Friedberg 2001; Moretti 2004; Dustmann et al. 2005) in this decade find evidence that migration results in within-group wage increases in the destination region for the case of high-skilled workers or uncover weak or insignificant effects (Ciccone and Peri 2006; Islam and Fausten 2008).
- 23.
In this case, ‘the additional competition in the factor market is not offset by a sufficient increase in high skilled labor productivity’ (Behrens and Sato 2011, p. 11).
- 24.
According to Borjas (1999), by the end of the 1990s, 9% of the population of Austria and Germany and 6% of the population of France was foreign-born.
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Biagi, B., Dotzel, K.R. (2018). Theoretical Advances on Interregional Migration Models. In: Biagi, B., Faggian, A., Rajbhandari, I., Venhorst, V. (eds) New Frontiers in Interregional Migration Research. Advances in Spatial Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75886-2_2
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