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Chronic Complications of Diabetes

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Gastrointestinal Complications of Diabetes

Part of the book series: Clinical Gastroenterology ((CG))

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Abstract

The prevalence of diabetes and its complications is constantly increasing worldwide, and it is responsible for increased morbidity, disability, and mortality. The most devastating consequences of diabetes are associated with its long-term micro- (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease). Up to 75% of patients with diabetes may experience symptoms of gastrointestinal complications. The pathogenesis of gastrointestinal complications is complex, primarily related to autonomic dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract and also associated with hyperglycemia and duration of diabetes. The metabolic and anatomic changes cause abnormalities in vascular flow, peristalsis, reflective relaxation and interstitial segmentation manifesting clinically as dysphagia, gastroparesis, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, interstitial pseudo-obstruction, and anal incontinence. The management of patients with gastrointestinal complications is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Genetic components in the genesis of gastrointestinal tract disorders such as esophageal achalasia, functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac and Crohn’s disease have been established. Genetic predisposition, environmental factors such as infections and gut dysbiosis play an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes and Crohn’s disease.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia

    Tomislav Bulum

  2. University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia

    Tomislav Bulum

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  1. Tomislav Bulum
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Correspondence to Tomislav Bulum .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia

    Marko Duvnjak

  2. Merkur University Hospital, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia

    Lea Smirčić-Duvnjak

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Bulum, T. (2018). Chronic Complications of Diabetes. In: Duvnjak, M., Smirčić-Duvnjak, L. (eds) Gastrointestinal Complications of Diabetes . Clinical Gastroenterology. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75856-5_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75856-5_2

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-75855-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-75856-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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