Abstract
Everybody has been a part of a control system at some time. Some examples of this are when driving a car, balancing a broomstick on a hand, walking or standing up without falling, taking a glass to drink water, and so on. These control systems, however, are not automatic control systems, as a person is required to perform a role in it. To explain this idea, in this section some more technical examples of control systems are described in which a person performs a role.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
See Chap. 4.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
Permanent magnet brushed DC motors have been replaced by more efficient permanent magnet synchronous motors in recent industrial robot models. However, control of permanent magnet synchronous motors is complex and, hence, they are not suitable for an introductory example of automatic control systems.
- 5.
The robot base is selected to be the origin of the coordinate frame defining the robot tip position.
- 6.
See Sect. 2.1.2.
- 7.
This function is determined by ship construction, cannot be modified by a controller design and it is not computed during controller evaluation.
- 8.
Since flooding in coal and tin mines was a major problem, the first practical steam-engine was introduced in England by T. Newcomen in 1712 to improve ways of pumping water out of such mines.
- 9.
- 10.
As the wired telephony lines expanded because of the growing number of users, signal attenuation was stronger because of the wires’ electrical resistance. The solution was to use several signal amplifiers at selected points in the telephony network. These amplifiers, however, produced significant signal distortion and the sound quality deteriorated.
- 11.
Robustness is a property of a control system that indicates that the closed-loop system performance is not affected or it is just a little affected by external disturbances, parameter uncertainties, and measurement noise.
References
M. K. Masten, Inertially stabilized platforms for optical imaging systems, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, pp. 47–64, February 2008.
T. L. Vincent, Stabilization for film broadcast cameras, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, pp. 20–25, February 2008.
Homeostasis (In Spanish), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, available at https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis, July 2017.
A. Adserá-Bertran, The human body. What is homeostasis? (In Spanish), enciclopediasalud.com, available at http://www.enciclopediasalud.com/categorias/cuerpo-humano/articulos/que-es-la-homeostasis-ejemplos-de-homeostasis, November 2009.
Fratermindad Muprespa, The health corner. Fever (In Spanish), available at http://www.rincondelasalud.com/es/articulos/salud-general_la-fiebre_20.html#prim, 2017.
S. Bennett, A brief history of automatic control, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, pp. 17–25, June 1996.
G. W. Evans, The story of Walter R. Evans and his textbook Control-Systems Dynamics, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, pp. 74–81, December 2004.
D. A. Mindell, Anti-aircraft fire control and the development of integrated systems at Sperry, 1925–1940, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, pp. 108–113, April 1995.
S. W. Herwald, Recollection of the early development of servomechanism and control systems, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, pp. 29–32, November 1984.
D. S. Bernstein, Feedback control: an invisible thread in the history of technology, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, pp. 53–68, April 2002.
W. Oppelt, On the early growth of conceptual thinking in the control system theory – the German role up to 1945, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, pp. 16–22, November 1984.
S. Bennett, Nicolas Minorsky and the automatic steering of ships, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, pp. 10–15, November 1984.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hernández-Guzmán, V.M., Silva-Ortigoza, R. (2019). Introduction. In: Automatic Control with Experiments. Advanced Textbooks in Control and Signal Processing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75804-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75804-6_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-75803-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-75804-6
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)