Abstract
Over the past years a considerable number of towns and cities joined together in transnational networks, which aim to take action on climate change. With regards to European municipalities this development was supported by two major trends: First, an increased willingness of cities worldwide to tackle major global issues jointly. Secondly, a realignment of spatial policies towards cities and urban areas on the EU level. This chapter focuses on one of the more recent networks: The European mainstream climate initiative Covenant of Mayors. The signatories of this initiative explicitly seek the collaboration with other communities in order to share knowledge and experience, and thus improve their own climate change mitigation and adaptation measures in order to enhance its climate resilience. Implementing a local action plan is often dependent on external funding, wherefore particularly communities from the crisis-ridden Southern European countries struggle in its realization. To facilitate the signatories’ work and to respond to these difficulties, their efforts are complemented by various decision-making support tools and through conceding access to European funding programs.
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Notes
- 1.
Cities between 50,000 and 500.000 and cities between 500.000 and 10 million inhabitants would send 125 representatives each, while 50 seats would be allotted to megacities bigger than 10 millions (Barber 2013a, pp. 352–355).
- 2.
EU 20/20/20 includes the following three targets: A 20% cut in greenhouse gases (base year 1990), 20% of renewable energy generation in the EU and a 20% improvement in energy efficiency (EC 2010, p. 2). In 2014 the EU member states agreed to add a new climate and energy framework for the years 2020 until 2030. The new targets for 2030 are a 40% cut in greenhouse gas emissions (base year 1990) and at least 27% renewable energy production and energy efficiency (European Council 2014, pp. 1–5).
- 3.
JRC-IE stands for ‘Joint Research Center, Institute of Energy’ of the EC.
- 4.
The 28% overall average goal was referring to the 2020 framework (20% reduction goal).
- 5.
CEMR: European Committee of the Regions
- 6.
For the 2020 goals: Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP). For the new 2030 goals: Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plans (SEACP) (CoM n.d.).
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Acknowledgements
I am particularly grateful for the indispensable assistance given by my colleagues Maurizio Artero, Myrto Dagkouli-Kyriakoglou, Jean-Philippe Fontaine, Luciana Hosannah, Marco La Rocca, Sabina Maslova and Angela María Osorio Méndez. Their help in improving the questionnaires quality and translating it into various languages was greatly appreciated and allowed me to reach a broader audience.
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Haupt, W. (2018). European Municipalities Engaging in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Networks: Examining the Case of the Covenant of Mayors. In: Yamagata, Y., Sharifi, A. (eds) Resilience-Oriented Urban Planning. Lecture Notes in Energy, vol 65. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75798-8_5
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