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Pathological Elements in Analog Circuit Design pp 203–223Cite as

Applications of the Voltage Mirror-Current Mirror in Realizing Active Building Blocks

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Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ((LNEE,volume 479))

Abstract

In this chapter four alternative realizations of the nullator using a single VM or two VMs are summarized. Similarly four alternative realizations of the norator using a single CM or two CMs are also demonstrated. It is also shown that the VM-CM pair can be used to realize a Nullor, A Voltage Op Amp, A Current Op amp, Voltage follower (VF), Voltage Inverter (VI), Current follower (CF), current Inverter (CI), Current Conveyors CCII+, CCII-, ICCII+ and an ICCII- without the use of any external resistors. The use of the VM-CM pair with additional resistors to realize the family of controlled sources, transconductance amplifiers and other active building blocks using NAM expansion is included. Finally it is shown the Nullator-CM pair as well as its adjoint which is the VM-Norator pair can also be used as Universal building blocks.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt

    Ahmed M. Soliman

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  1. Ahmed M. Soliman
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Correspondence to Ahmed M. Soliman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia

    Mourad Fakhfakh

  2. Wroclaw University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland

    Marian Pierzchala

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Soliman, A.M. (2018). Applications of the Voltage Mirror-Current Mirror in Realizing Active Building Blocks. In: Fakhfakh, M., Pierzchala, M. (eds) Pathological Elements in Analog Circuit Design. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 479. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75157-3_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75157-3_7

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-75156-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-75157-3

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