Abstract
The literature presents an extensive research on digital watermarking applications with digital image, speech, music and video media. However, much less research effort has been applied to hardcopy communication via printed media. Hardcopy images can be used to convey side information required for many security, tracking, copyright and forensic applications. Many office applications rely on a tight connection between physical and electronic documents. Physical (printed) images can be a token for the electronic document (or documents) it represents directly (or indirectly as part of a shared workflow). Hiding information in images to be printed can be used to embed side information or to save real estate on the label, document or packaging printed media. This hidden information is useful for location-based services, point-of-sale, security, counterfeit and piracy deterrence, content authentication, fingerprinting and more. Depending on the application different approaches to address encoding, modulation, and detection of information are required to achieve a given tradeoff among payload, transparency and robustness. This chapter discusses state-of-the-art approaches for hardcopy image communication, describes main sources of distortion in the black-and-white and color print-scan channels, discusses resulting performance of alternative encoding, modulation and detection techniques.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
AlpVision SA, Cryptoglyph digital security solution. (http://www.alpvision.com)
P.V.K. Borges, J. Mayer, Text luminance modulation for hardcopy watermarking. Signal Process. 87, 1754–1771 (2007)
P.V.K. Borges, J. Mayer, E. Izquierdo, Robust and transparent color modulation for text data hiding. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 10, 8 (2008)
P.V.K. Borges, J. Mayer, E. Izquierdo, Document image processing for paper side communications. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 10, 1277–1287 (2008)
P. Bulan, G. Sharma, V. Monga, Orientation modulation for data hiding in clustered-dot Halftone prints. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 19, 8 (2010)
M.H.M. Costa, Writing on dirty paper. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory IT-29, 439–441 (1983)
F. Deguillaume, S. Voloshynovskiy, T. Pun, Method for the estimation and recovering from general affine transforms, in Proceedings of SPIE, Electronic Imaging, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IV, vol. 4675 (2002), pp. 313–322
R.C. Gonzalez, R.E. Woods, Digital Image Processing (Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 2001)
C. Guo, G. Xu, X. Niu, Y. Yang, Y. Li, A color image watermarking algorithm resistant to print-scan, in IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Information Security (2010)
D. He, Q. Sun, A practical print-scan resilient watermarking scheme, in IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (2005)
H. Hofbauer, A. Uhl, An effective and efficient visual quality index based on local edge gradients, in 3rd European Workshop on Visual Information Processing (EUVIP) (2011), pp. 162–167
A. Keskinarkaus, A. Pramila, T. Seppänen, Image watermarking with a directed periodic pattern to embed multibit messages resilient to print-scan and compound attacks. J. Syst. Softw. 83, 1715–1725 (2010)
A. Levy, D. Shaked, A Transform Domain Hardcopy Watermarking Scheme (HP Labs, Haifa, 2001)
Q. Li, I.J. Cox, Using perceptual models to improve fidelity and provide resistance to valumetric scaling for quantization index modulation watermarking, in IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (2007), pp. 127–139
J. Mayer, J.C.M. Bermudez, Improving robustness IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP (2007)
J. Mayer, S. Simske, Informed coding for color hardcopy watermarking, in 8th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis - ISPA (2013)
J. Mayer, J.C.M. Bermudez, A.P. Legg, B.F. Uchoa-Filho, D. Mukherjee, A. Said, R. Samadani, S. Simske, Design of high capacity 3D print codes aiming for robustness to the PS channel and external distortions, in IEEE Conference on Image Processing (2009)
M.L. Miller, G.J. Doërr, I.J. Cox, Applying informed coding and informed embedding to design a robust, high capacity watermark. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13(6), 792–807 (2004)
B. Oztan, G. Sharma, Multiplexed clustered-dot Halftone watermarks using bi-directional phase modulation and detection, in Proceedings of 2010 IEEE 17th International Conference on Image Processing (2010)
A. Pramila, A. Keskinarkaus, T. Seppänen, Multiple domain watermarking for print-scan and JPEG resilient data hiding, in Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking (2007)
W.L. Root, An introduction to the theory of the detection of signal in noise. Proc. IEEE 58(5), 610–623 (1970)
K. Solanki, U. Madhow, B.S. Manjunath, S. Chandrasekaran, I. El-Khalil, Print and scan resilient data hiding in images. IEEE Trans. Inform. Forensics Secur. 1(4), 464–478 (2006)
A. Trémeau, D. Muselet, Recent trends in color image watermarking. J. Imaging Sci. Technol. 53(1), 10201-1–10201-15 (2009)
A. Varna, S. Rane, A. Vetro, Data Hiding in Hard-Copy Text Documents Robust to Print, Scan, and Photocopy Operations (Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Cambridge, 2009)
R. Villan, S. Voloshynovskiy, O. Koval, J. Vila, E. Topak, F. Deguillaume, Y. Rytsar, T. Pun, Text data-hiding for digital and printed documents: theoretical and practical considerations, in Proceedings of the SPIE (2006), pp. 15–19
Z. Wang, A.C. Bovik, H.R. Sheikh, E.P. Simoncelli, Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13(4), 600–612 (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mayer, J., Borges, P.V.K., J. Simske, S. (2018). Hardcopy Image Communication. In: Fundamentals and Applications of Hardcopy Communication. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74083-6_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74083-6_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-74082-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-74083-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)