Skip to main content

Atomizers with the Swirl Motion Phenomenon

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Practical Aspects of Chemical Engineering

Abstract

The liquid atomization is very important and widespread process in many branches of industry and in agriculture. The technology development, better construction solutions to improve atomization process for the specific application are searched for. Depending on the assignment on which the atomizer is to be used, there are different requirements. Atomization itself doesn’t mean that the process proceeds in a correct and that performance of the spray system is optimum. The application of the effervescent atomizer witch swirl motion phenomenon improves of atomization process compared to pressure-swirl or effervescent atomizers, affects aerosol quality, improves atomization process and ensures its optimization. The spray parameters are influence by many factors: geometric dimensions, liquid properties and operational conditions. The dimensions of atomizer outlet, mixing chamber, aerator have the most important impact on the atomization process. Viscosity and surface tension affect Sauter mean diameter. Viscosity also affects spray angle, while the significant influence of the surface tension on the spray angle has not been shown.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agarwal AK, Dhar A, Gupta JG et al (2014) Effect of fuel injection pressure and injection timing on spray characteristics and particulate size–number distribution in a biodiesel fuelled common rail direct injection diesel engine. Appl Energ 130:212–221

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amini G (2016) Liquid flow in a simplex swirl nozzle. Int J Multiphase Flow 79:225–235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basak A, Patra J, Ganguly R et al (2013) Effect of transesterification of vegetable oil on liquid flow number and spray cone angle for pressure and twin fluid atomizers. Fuel 112:347–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belhadef A, Vallet A, Amielh M et al (2012) Pressure-swirl atomization: modeling and approaches. Int J Multiphase Flow 39:13–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broniarz-Press L, Ochowiak M, Woziwodzki S (2010) Atomization of PEO aqueous solutions in effervescent atomizers. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 31:651–658

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broniarz-Press L, Włodarczak S, Matuszak M et al (2016) The effect of orifice shape and the injection pressure on enhancement of the atomization process for pressure-swirl atomizers. Crop Prot 82:65–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhari K, Kulshreshtha D (2013) Design and experimental investigation of 60° pressure swirl nozzle for penetration length and cone angle at different pressure. Int J Adv Eng Technol 1:76–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen SK, Lefebvre AH (1994) Spray cone angles of effervescent atomizers. Atom Sprays 4:291–301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Datta A, Som SK (2000) Numerical prediction of air core diameter, coefficient of discharge and spray cone angle of a swirl spray pressure nozzle. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 21:412–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dorfner V,  Domnick J, Durst F et al (1995) Viscosity and surface tension effects in pressure-swirl atomization. Atom Sprays 5(3):261–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Endalewa AM, Debaer C, Ruttenb N et al (2010) Modelling pesticide flow and deposition from air-assisted orchard spraying in orchards. A new integrated CFD approach. Agric For Meteorol 15:1383–1392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gajkowski A (2000) Technika ochrony roślin. Wydawnictwo AR, Poznań

    Google Scholar 

  • Halder MR, Dash SH, Som SK (2004) A numerical and experimental investigation on the coefficients of discharge and the spray cone angle of a solid cone swirl nozzle. Int J Therm Sci 28:297–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamid AHA, Atan R (2009) Spray characteristics of jet–swirl nozzles for thrust chamber injector. Aerosp Sci Tech 13:192–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huntington DH (2004) The influence of the spray drying process on product properties. Dry Technol 22:1261–1287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jedelsky J, Landsmann M, Jicha M et al (2008) Effervescent atomizer: influence of the operation conditions and internal geometry on spray structure; study using PIV-PLIF. In: Proc of the 22th ILASS, pp 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Lan Z, Zhu D, Tian W et al (2014) Experimental study on spray characteristics of pressure-swirl nozzles in pressurizer. Ann Nucl Energy 63:215–227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laryea GN, No SY (2003) Development of electrostatic pressure-swirl nozzle for agricultural applications. J Electrostat 57:129–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SG (2008) Geometrical effects on spray characteristics of air-pressurized swirl flows. J Mech Sci Technol 22:1633–1639

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee EJ, Oha SY, Kim HY et al (2010) Measuring air core characteristics of a pressure-swirl atomizer via a transparent acrylic nozzle at various Reynolds numbers. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 34:1475–1483

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre AH (1989) Atomization sprays. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre AH (2000) Fifty years of gas turbine fuel injection. Atom Sprays 102:251–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li BQ, Cader T, Schwarzkopf J et al (2006) Spray angle effect during spray cooling of microelectronics: experimental measurements and comparison with inverse calculations. Appl Therm Eng 26:1788–1795

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li T, Nishida K, Hiroyasu H (2011) Droplet size distribution and evaporation characteristics of fuel spray by a swirl type atomizer. Fuel 90:2367–2376

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Z, Wu Y, Yang H (2013) Effect of liquid viscosity on atomization in an internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizer. Fuel 103:486–494

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller PCH, Butler Ellis MC (2000) Effects of formulation on spray nozzle performance for applications from ground-based boom sprayers. Crop Prot 19:609–615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moon S, Abo-Serie E, Bae C (2009) Air flow and pressure inside a pressure-swirl spray and their effects on spray development. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 33:222–231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moon S, Abo-Serie E, Bae C (2010) Liquid film thickness inside the high pressure swirl injectors: real scale measurement and evaluation of analytical equations. Int J Therm Sci 34:113–121

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nasr GG, Sharief RA, Yule AJ (2006) High pressure spray cooling of a moving surface. J Heat Transfer 128:752–760

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nasr GG, Yule AJ, Bendig (2002) Industrial sprays and atomization. Springer, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Nonnenmacher S, Piesche M (2000) Design of hollow cone pressure swirl nozzles to atomize newtonian fluids. Chem Eng Sci 55:4339–4348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ochowiak M (2012a) Koncepcja atomizera pęcherzykowo-wirowego z analiza oporów przepływu. Inż Ap Chem 51(6):360–361

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ochowiak M (2012b) The effervescent atomization of oil-in-water emulsions. Chem Eng Process 52:92–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ochowiak M (2016) The experimental studies on atomization for conical twin-fluid atomizers with the swirl motion phenomenon. Chem Eng Proc 109:32–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ochowiak M, Broniarz-Press L (2008) Atomization performance of effervescent atomizers with gas-liquid internal mixing. Pol J Chem Tech 10(3):38–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ochowiak M, Broniarz-Press L (2009) Wpływ średnicy dyszy na średnią średnicę kropli w rozpylaczach typu pęcherzykowego. Inż Ap Chem 48(5):81–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Ochowiak M, Broniarz-Press L, Woziwodzki S et al (2011) The analysis of silica suspensions atomization. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 32:1208–1215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ochowiak M, Broniarz-Press L, Różańska S et al (2015) Characteristics of spray angle for effervescent-swirl atomizers. Chem Eng Proc 98:52–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park GY, Harrison GM (2008) Effects of elasticity on the spraying of a non-Newtonian fluids. Atom Sprays 18(3):243–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Park SH, Kim HJ, Suh HK et al (2009) A study on the fuel injection and atomization characteristics of soybean oil methyl ester (SME). Int J Heat Fluid Flow 30(1):108–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Prakash RS, Gadgil H, Raghunandan BN (2014) Breakup processes of pressure swirl spray in gaseous cross-flow. Int J Multiphase Flow 66:79–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rashad M, Yong H, Zekun Z (2016) Effect of geometric parameters on spray characteristics of pressure swirl atomizers. Int J Hydr Energy 41:15790–15799

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rizk NK,  Lefebvre AH (1985) Internal flow characteristics of simplex swirl atomizers. J Propul Power 1(3):193–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Roesler TC, Lefebvre AH (1989) Studies on aerated-liquid atomization. Int J Turbo Jet Eng 6:221–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sallevelt JLHP, Pozarlik AK, Brem G (2015) Characterization of viscous biofuel sprays using digital imaging in the near field region. Appl Energ 147:161–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma P, Fang T (2015) Spray and atomization of a common rail fuel injector with non-circular orifices. Fuel 153:416–430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivakumar D, Vankeswaram SK, Sakthikumar R et al (2015) Analysis on the atomization characteristics of aviation biofuel discharging from simplex swirl atomizer. Int J Multiph Flow 75:88–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Som SK, Mukherjee SG (1980) Theoretical and experimental on the coefficient of discharge and spray cone angle of swirl spray atomizing nozzle. Acta Mech 32:79–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sovani SD, Chou E, Sojka PE (2000) High pressure effervescent atomization: effect of ambient pressure on spray cone angles. Fuel 80:427–435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sovani SD, Sojka PE, Lefebvre AH (2001) Effervescent atomization. Prog Energy Combust Sci 27:483–521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stelter M, Brenn G, Durst F (2002) The influence of viscoelastic fluid properties on spray formation from flat-fan and pressure-swirl atomizers. Atom Sprays 12:299–327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szewczyk A (2010) Analiza ustawienia, parametrów i warunków pracy rozpylacza w aspekcie jakości opryskiwania upraw polowych. Monografie XCVII, Wrocław

    Google Scholar 

  • Tratnig A, Brenn G, Strixner T et al (2009) Characterization of spray formation from emulsions by pressure-swirl atomizers for spray drying. J Food Eng 95:126–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wade RA, Weerts JM, Sojka PE et al (1999) Effervescent atomization at injection pressures in MPa range. Atom Sprays 9:651–667

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XF, Chin JS, Lefebvre AH (1989) Influence of gas injector geometry on atomization performance of aerated-liquid nozzles. Int J Turbo Jet Eng 6:271–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Huang Z, Kuti OA (2010) Experimental and analytical study of biodiesel and diesel spray characteristics under ultra-high injection pressure. J Heat Fluid Flow 4:659–666

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wimmer E, Brenn G (2013) Viscous flow through the swirl chamber of a pressure-swirl atomizer. Int J Multiph Flow 53:100–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yao S, Zhang J, Fang T (2012) Effect of viscosities on structure and instability of sprays from a swirl atomizer. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 39:158–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yule AJ, Widger IR (1996) Swirl atomizers operating at high water pressure. Int J Mech Sci 38:981–999

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by PUT research grant no. 03/32/DSPB/0702.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sylwia Włodarczak .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Włodarczak, S., Ochowiak, M., Matuszak, M. (2018). Atomizers with the Swirl Motion Phenomenon. In: Ochowiak, M., Woziwodzki, S., Doligalski, M., Mitkowski, P. (eds) Practical Aspects of Chemical Engineering. Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73978-6_30

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics