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Bioactive Constituents of Anatolian Salvia Species

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Abstract

Salvia (sage) species are grown world-wide, mainly in the three regions; South-East Asia, South Europe to Central and South America with approximately 1000 species. The genus Salvia is represented by over 100 species in Turkey. Since ancient times, they have been used in folk medicine for many purposes in the world, for more than sixty different ailments ranging from aches to epilepsy, and to treat colds, bronchitis, tuberculosis, haemorrhage, some cardiovascular and menstrual disorders. In Anatolia, Salvia species are used against cold and flu, and in the treatment of stomach, liver and rheumatism problems and as wound healing agents. A literature survey and our experiences indicated that terpenoids and flavonoids are the main constituents of them. 45 Anatolian Salvia species have been investigated for their chemical constituents with some biological activities. Di- and triterpenoids were found to be the main non-volatile constituents besides flavonoids and phenolics. The aerial parts, particularly flowers and leaves of Anatolian Salvia species contain flavonoids, triterpenoids, and monoterpenes while diterpenoids are found mostly in the roots. Totally 317 compounds were isolated, major part belonging to diterpenoids, among isolated 158 diterpenoids from Anatolian Salvia species, almost 130 of which have abietane skeleton identified by spectroscopic methods, particularly based on extensive NMR and Mass techniques. In addition to diterpenoids, 60 triterpenoids, 15 steroids, 5 sesterterpenes and 9 sesquiterpenes and 41 flavonoids and 29 other phenolics were isolated. In this chapter, Anatolian Salvia plant extracts and/or its constituents with various biological activities were presented, including antioxidative, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic/antitumor, cardiovascular, cholinesterase and some other enzymes inhibitory activities. In addition, some investigations on Salvia species consist of biological properties which carried out on the extracts rather than pure isolates were presented.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Cytopathic effect or cytopathogenic effect (abbreviated CPE) refers to structural changes in host cells that are caused by viral invasion.

Abbreviations

UA:

Ursolic acid

OA:

Oleanolic acid

BHA:

Butylated hydroxyanisole

BHT:

Butylated hydroxytoluene

DPPH:

1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

AAE:

Ascorbic acid equivalent

SFW:

Salvia fruticosa Wildly grown samples

SFC:

Salvia fruticosa Cultivated sample

FRAP:

Ferric-reducing antioxidant power

CUPRAC:

Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity

TE:

Trolox equivalent

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

NMDA:

N-methyl d-aspartate

AChE:

Acetylcholinesterase

BChE:

Butyrylcholinesterase

BC 1:

Human breast cancer

LU 2:

Human lung cancer

COL 2:

Human colon cancer

KB:

Human epidermoidal carcinoma in mouth

KB-VI:

Multidrug resistant-KB

LNCaP:

Hormone-dependent human prostate cancer

KOPr:

Kappa Opioid Peptide Receptor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey

    Gülaçtı Topçu & Rümeysa Yücer

  2. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey

    Rümeysa Yücer

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey

    Halil Şenol

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  1. Gülaçtı Topçu
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  2. Rümeysa Yücer
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  3. Halil Şenol
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Correspondence to Gülaçtı Topçu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology-BAS, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Vasil Georgiev

  2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Atanas Pavlov

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Topçu, G., Yücer, R., Şenol, H. (2017). Bioactive Constituents of Anatolian Salvia Species. In: Georgiev, V., Pavlov, A. (eds) Salvia Biotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73900-7_2

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