Skip to main content

Impact of the Article 50 of TEU on Migration of the EU Workers in Case of Brexit

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Brexit

Abstract

BREXIT has created a new situation in the field on free movement of workers within the EU. It was the change introduced by Lisbon Treaty that gives the EU Member States the right to exit from the European Union. On 29 March 2017, Theresa May send a letter to President of the European Council Donald Dusk a letter with a wish to use the Art. 50 of TEU to exit from the EU, and from European Atomic Energy Community. Europe and Britain are now facing a new situation that has never happened before and therefore any decision of the further collaboration and co-existence gives precedents to potential new “dissociates“ from the EU. The current situation affects also the EU citizens living in Great Britain and British citizens living in other EU countries, as the principles of free movement of persons will no longer automatically apply to either of those groups of people and new agreements need to be imposed.

This chapter analyses the application of Art. 50 of TEU and its impact on free movement rights of the EU citizens who are workers, from both perspectives the British citizens abroad and the other EU citizens living in the United Kingdom. What would be the options for further cooperation after Brexit to maintain the rights of workers? It elaborates on five different post Brexit solutions that can be introduced to resolve the questions of workers’ rights that were created by EU legislation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Case C-6/64 Flaminio Costa v E.N.E.L, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1964, ECLI:EU:C:1964:66.

  2. 2.

    Terhechte (2008), pp. 143, 152. See also the debate Roots (2009), pp. 261–281.

  3. 3.

    Art. 50 (3) TEU.

  4. 4.

    Letter avaialble from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/29_03_17_article50.pdf; Accessed 31.03.2017.

  5. 5.

    Art. 50 (2) TEU.

  6. 6.

    See more about the role of the Parliament of EU.

    http://www.europarl.europa.eu/atyourservice/en/displayFtu.html?ftuId=FTU_2.1.1.html; 22.03.2017.

  7. 7.

    See more on mixed agreements in Cremona (2006).

  8. 8.

    http://openeurope.org.uk/today/blog/the-mechanics-of-leaving-the-eu-explaining-article-50/; 08.03.2017.

  9. 9.

    Articles 24 and 227, 228 TFEU, decisions 94/114, 94/262 and 2002/262 Citizens must be aware of their rights, to be able to defend them when they think that a Member State is not respecting them. EU citizens are entitled to defend their rights acquired through European law. They can take their case to the national courts, which can either issue a ruling or turn to the Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling or by simply and inexpensively lodging a complaint with the Commission or a petition with the European Parliament. The Parliament has a Committee on Petitions that examines the complaints of citizens. In case the complaint concerns instance of mismanagement in the activities of the European institutions or bodies, the citizen may address himself or herself to the Ombudsman appointed by the European Parliament.

  10. 10.

    See also Roots (2012).

  11. 11.

    Craig and De Búrca (2011), p. 819.

  12. 12.

    OJL 158/77.

  13. 13.

    Regulation (EU) No 492/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 on freedom of movement for workers within the Union, OJL 141/1.

  14. 14.

    Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the coordination of social security systems, OJL 166/1.

  15. 15.

    Regulation (EC) No 987/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 laying down the procedure for implementing Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 on the coordination of social security systems OJL L 284/1.

  16. 16.

    C-292/89 - The Queen v Immigration Appeal Tribunal, ex parte Antonissen.

  17. 17.

    Barnard (2013), p. 230.

  18. 18.

    Ibid.

  19. 19.

    See also in Roots and Dumbrava (2016).

  20. 20.

    BBC News, Brexit: EU says no compromise on freedom of movement http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36659900; 22.03.2017; See also Bratislava Summit 2016, Statement of Informal meeting of 27 EU Informal meeting at 27 Brussels, 29 June 2016.

  21. 21.

    Foster (2014), p. 31.

  22. 22.

    Art. 13 of Directive 2004/38/EC.

  23. 23.

    Doherty (2016), p. 376.

  24. 24.

    Case C-6/85, Lawrie-Blum v. Land Baden-Wurttemberg.

  25. 25.

    Case C-53/81, Levin v. Staatssecretaris van justitie.

  26. 26.

    ibid.

  27. 27.

    ibid.

  28. 28.

    Ford (2016), p. 399.

  29. 29.

    http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-uk-leaves-the-eu-36745584, Accessed 29.03.2017.

  30. 30.

    https://fullfact.org/immigration/does-immigration-reduce-wages/, Accessed 29.03.2017.

  31. 31.

    Somervill (2016).

  32. 32.

    Furley (2016).

  33. 33.

    Ibid.

  34. 34.

    Johnston (2017).

  35. 35.

    Ibid.

  36. 36.

    Ford (2016), p. 404.

  37. 37.

    Ibid. p. 405.

  38. 38.

    Migration Observatory, What would UK immigration policy look like after Brexit?, Published 09th June 2016, http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/resources/commentaries/uk-immigration-policy-look-like-brexit/ Accessed 29.03.2017.

  39. 39.

    Ibid.

  40. 40.

    Ibid.

  41. 41.

    The Migration Observatory, What would UK immigration look like after BREXIT? University of Oxford 09.06.2016 http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/resources/commentaries/uk-immigration-policy-look-like-brexit/, 08.03.2017.

  42. 42.

    May’s letter will be delivered at 12:20 BST on Wednesday by the British ambassador to the EU, Sir Tim Barrow. http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-39422353; Accessed 29.03.2017.

  43. 43.

    See more http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/29/article-50-brexit-letter-read-full/, Accessed 29.03.2017.

References

  • Barnard C (2013) The substantive law of the EU: the four freedoms, 4th edn. OUP, Oxford

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Craig P, De Búrca G (2011) EU law: text, cases, and materials, 5th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cremona M (2006) External Relations of the EU and the Member States: Competence, Mixed Agreements, International Responsibility, and Effects of International Law, EUI Working Paper, LAW No. 2006/22

    Google Scholar 

  • Doherty M (2016) Through the looking glass: Brexit, free movement and the future. King’s Law J 27:3

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford M (2016) The effect of Brexit on workers’ rights. King’s Law J 27:3

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster N (2014) Blackstone’s EU treaty & legislation 2014–2015, 25th edn. OUP, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Furley J (2016) Brexit: What will be the effect on Dentistry? Linked in, 11th July, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/brexit-what-effect-dentistry-julia-furley. Accessed 29 Mar 2017

  • Johnston L (2017) Theresa May to end EU citizens’ rights to live in UK after fear ‘half of Romania and Bulgaria’ will come, Independent News, 27 February

    Google Scholar 

  • Roots L (2009) The impact of the Lisbon Treaty on the development of EU immigration legislation. Croat Yearb Eur Law Policy 5(5):261–281

    Google Scholar 

  • Roots L (2012) European Union citizenship or status of long-term resident: a Dilemma for third-country nationals in Estonia. Balt J Eur Stud 2(1/11):65–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Roots L, Dumbrava C (2016) E-Citizenship opportunities in the changing technological environment in Kerikmäe T. et al. The Future of Law and e-Technologies. Springer

    Google Scholar 

  • Somervill W (2016) Brexit: the role of migration in the upcoming EU Referendum. Migration Policy Institute, 4th May, http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/brexit-role-migration-upcoming-eu-referendum. Accessed 29 Mar 2017

  • Terhechte JP (2008) Der Vertrag von Lissabon: Grundlegende Verfassungsurkunde der europäischen Rechtsgemeinschaft oder technischer Änderungsvertrag?, Europarecht, Heft 2

    Google Scholar 

Legislation

  • Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the coordination of social security systems, OJL 166/1

    Google Scholar 

  • Regulation (EC) No 987/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 laying down the procedure for implementing Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 on the coordination of social security systems OJL L 284/1

    Google Scholar 

  • Regulation (EU) No 492/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 on freedom of movement for workers within the Union, OJL 141/1

    Google Scholar 

Cases

  • Case C-6/64, Flaminio Costa v E.N.E.L, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1964, ECLI:EU:C:1964:66

    Google Scholar 

  • Case C-292/89, The Queen v Immigration Appeal Tribunal, ex parte Antonissen

    Google Scholar 

  • Case C-6/85, Lawrie-Blum v. Land Baden-Wurttemberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Case C-53/81, Levin v. Staatssecretaris van justitie

    Google Scholar 

Websites

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lehte Roots .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Roots, L. (2018). Impact of the Article 50 of TEU on Migration of the EU Workers in Case of Brexit. In: Ramiro Troitiño, D., Kerikmäe, T., Chochia, A. (eds) Brexit. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73414-9_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73414-9_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-73413-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-73414-9

  • eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics