Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Background of Immune Thrombocytopenia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Immune Hematology

  • 1231 Accesses

Abstract

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and associated with variable mucocutaneous bleeding. Historically, symptoms associated with ITP have been described for years. However, until the platelet was defined in the 1800s, the link to thrombocytopenia was unknown. From that point forward, the etiology of thrombocytopenia was debated and attributed at various times in history to increased platelet destruction and/or to decreased platelet production. The diagnosis is one of exclusion, and inherited and acquired causes of thrombocytopenia should be included in the differential diagnosis. In this chapter, the history of ITP, the terminology used in ITP, and the clinical presentation with differential diagnosis will be discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Cuker A, Cines DB. Immune thrombocytopenia. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Prog. 2010;2010:377–84.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Provan D, Stasi R, Newland AC, Blanchette VS, Bolton-Maggs P, Bussel JB, et al. International consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2010;115:168–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Rodeghiero F, Stasi R, Gernsheimer T, Michel M, Provan D, Arnold DM, et al. Standardization of terminology, definitions and outcome criteria in immune thrombocytopenic purpura of adults and children: report from an international working group. Blood. 2009;113:2386–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Terrell DR, Beebe LA, Vesely SK, Neas BR, Segal JB, George JN. The incidence of immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children and adults: a critical review of published reports. Am J Hematol. 2010;85:174–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Neunert CE. Current management of immune thrombocytopenia. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Prog. 2013;2013:276–82.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cooper N. State of the art—how I manage immune thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol. 2017;177:39–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Kistangari G, Mccrae KR. Immune thrombocytopenia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2013;27:495–520.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Cines DB, Bussel JB, Liebman HA, Luning Prak ET. The ITP syndrome: pathogenic and clinical diversity. Blood. 2009;113:6511–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Stasi R, Newland AC. ITP: a historical perspective. Br J Haematol. 2011;153:437–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Blanchette M, Freedman J. The history of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Transfus Sci. 1998;19:231–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Brewer DB. Max Schultze (1865), G. Bizzozero (1882) and the discovery of the platelet. Br J Haematol. 2006;133:251–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Anoop P. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura: historical perspective, current status, recent advances and future directions. Indian Pediatr. 2012;49:811–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Liebman HA. Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): an historical perspective. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Prog. 2008;2008:205.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Dameshek W, Miller EB. The megakaryocytes in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, a form of hypersplenism. Blood. 1946;1:27–50.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Stoll D, Cines DB, Aster RH, Murphy S. Platelet kinetics in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and moderate thrombocytopenia. Blood. 1985;65:584–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Mcmillan R, Wang L, Tomer A, Nichol J, Pistillo J. Suppression of in vitro megakaryocyte production by antiplatelet autoantibodies from adult patients with chronic ITP. Blood. 2004;103:1364–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Chang M, Nakagawa PA, Williams SA, Schwartz MR, Imfeld KL, Buzby JS, et al. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) plasma and purified ITP monoclonal autoantibodies inhibit megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro. Blood. 2003;102:887–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Houwerzijl EJ, Blom NR, Van Der Want JJ, Esselink MT, Koornstra JJ, Smit JW, et al. Ultrastructural study shows morphologic features of apoptosis and para-apoptosis in megakaryocytes from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood. 2004;103:500–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Olsson B, et al. T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward platelets in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Nature Medicine. 2003;9(9):1123–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Neunert C, Lim W, Crowther M, Cohen A, Solberg L Jr, Crowther MA, American Society of Hematology. The American Society of Hematology 2011 evidence-based practice guideline for immune thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2011;117:4190–207.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Neunert C, Noroozi N, Norman G, Buchanan GR, Goy J, Nazi I, et al. Severe bleeding events in adults and children with primary immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review. J Thromb Haemost. 2015;13:457–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Imbach P, et al. Childhood ITP: 12 months follow-up data from the prospective registry of the Intercontinental Childhood ITP Study Group (ICIS). 2006;46:351–56.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Grace RF, Long M, Kalish LA, Neufeld EJ. Applicability of 2009 international consensus terminology and criteria for immune thrombocytopenia to a clinical pediatric population. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;58:216–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Cines DB, Bussel JB. How I treat idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Blood. 2005;106:2244–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Nugent DJ. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura of childhood. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Prog. 2006;2006:97–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Lo E, Deane S. Diagnosis and classification of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13:577–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Cines DB, Liebman H, Stasi R. Pathobiology of secondary immune thrombocytopenia. Semin Hematol. 2009;46:S2–14.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Ayesh MH, Alawneh K, Khassawneh B, Khader Y, Kasasbeh A. Adult primary and secondary immune thrombocytopenic purpura: a comparative analysis of characteristics and clinical course. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2013;19:327–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Balduini CL, Cattaneo M, Fabris F, Gresele P, Iolascon A, Pulcinelli FM, et al. Inherited thrombocytopenias: a proposed diagnostic algorithm from the Italian Gruppo di Studio delle Piastrine. Haematologica. 2003;88:582–92.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Lambert MP. What to do when you suspect an inherited platelet disorder. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Prog. 2011;2011:377–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Stasi R. How to approach thrombocytopenia. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Prog. 2012;2012:191–7.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Gauer RL, Braun MM. Thrombocytopenia. Am Fam Physician. 2012;85:612–22.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA

    Kristina M. Haley DO, MCR

Authors
  1. Kristina M. Haley DO, MCR
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kristina M. Haley DO, MCR .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA

    Jenny M. Despotovic

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Haley, K.M. (2018). Background of Immune Thrombocytopenia. In: Despotovic, J. (eds) Immune Hematology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73269-5_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73269-5_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-73268-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-73269-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation