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Investigating Fish Larvae-Microbe Interactions in the 21st Century: Old Questions Studied with New Tools

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Emerging Issues in Fish Larvae Research

Abstract

All animals need a mutualistic interaction with their microbiota for proper development and functioning. Also for the fish-microbiota interaction considerable research has been done, and especially for reared fish larvae this interaction is crucial for their viability. However, during the 1980s and 1990s a number of findings revealed at that time current methods were not suitable for studying the total microbial community and that data on composition of microbiota was biased. Several recent methodological revolutions have boosted the possibilities for addressing questions related to fish larvae-microbiota interactions that previously lacked suitable tools for proper evaluation. These methodological achievements include the development of experimental rearing systems including gnotobiotic systems for fish, new visualization tools, and molecular “omics” tools for characterizing the response of the host on a variety of levels and for characterizing both composition and activity of fish microbiota. We present and review these tools and give examples on how they have been used to improve our understanding of fish larvae-microbiota interactions. With respect to understanding, this includes in particular how the microbiota is established and maintained, what the functionality of the microbiota is and how it affects fish health, and finally how we can apply this knowledge for management of a healthy and beneficial microbiota in aquaculture settings.

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Acknowledgements

This work was a part of the ERA-Net COFASP project MicStaTech “Water treatment technology for microbial stabilization in landbased aquaculture systems” funded by the Research Council of Norway (Contract 247558), the Research Council of Norway project MicroMucus: “Microbial contributions to the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) skin mucosal barrier” (NRC project no. 262929/F20), a People Marie Curie Actions International Incoming Fellowships FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF (project number 625655) to B.L., and a Ph.D. scholarship to R. I. V. from the Faculty of Science, NTNU.

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  1. Torunn Forberg

    Present address: BioMar AS, Pirsenteret, 7010, Trondheim, Norway

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway

    Ragnhild I. Vestrum, Birgit Luef, Torunn Forberg, Ingrid Bakke & Olav Vadstein

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  1. Ragnhild I. Vestrum
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  2. Birgit Luef
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  3. Torunn Forberg
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  5. Olav Vadstein
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Correspondence to Olav Vadstein .

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  1. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain

    Manuel Yúfera

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Vestrum, R.I., Luef, B., Forberg, T., Bakke, I., Vadstein, O. (2018). Investigating Fish Larvae-Microbe Interactions in the 21st Century: Old Questions Studied with New Tools. In: Yúfera, M. (eds) Emerging Issues in Fish Larvae Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73244-2_1

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