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Non-human C. difficile Reservoirs and Sources: Animals, Food, Environment

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Book cover Updates on Clostridium difficile in Europe

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AMIDPH,volume 1050))

Abstract

Clostridium difficile is ubiquitous and is found in humans, animals and in variety of environments. The substantial overlap of ribotypes between all three main reservoirs suggests the extensive transmissions. Here we give the overview of European studies investigating farm, companion and wild animals, food and environments including water, soil, sediment, waste water treatment plants, biogas plants, air and households. Studies in Europe are more numerous especially in last couple of years, but are still fragmented in terms of countries, animal species or type of environment covered. Soil seem to be the habitat of divergent unusual lineages of C. difficile. But the most important aspect of animals and environment is their role in C. difficile transmissions and their potential as a source for human infection is discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Science, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

    Cristina Rodriguez Diaz

  2. Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany

    Christian Seyboldt

  3. Environment and Food, National Laboratory for Health, NLZOH, Maribor, Slovenia

    Maja Rupnik

  4. Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia

    Maja Rupnik

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  1. Cristina Rodriguez Diaz
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  2. Christian Seyboldt
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  3. Maja Rupnik
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Correspondence to Cristina Rodriguez Diaz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Former Research Director in the Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy

    Paola Mastrantonio

  2. Department for Microbiological Research, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food (NLZOH), Maribor, Slovenia

    Maja Rupnik

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Rodriguez Diaz, C., Seyboldt, C., Rupnik, M. (2018). Non-human C. difficile Reservoirs and Sources: Animals, Food, Environment. In: Mastrantonio, P., Rupnik, M. (eds) Updates on Clostridium difficile in Europe. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1050. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72799-8_13

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