Abstract
We compared the attenuation characteristics of peak ground accelerations (PGAs) and velocities (PGVs) of strong motion from shallow, small earthquakes that occurred in Japan with those predicted by the equations of Si and Midorikawa (J Struct Constr Eng 523:63–70, 1999). The observed PGAs and PGVs at stations far from the seismic source decayed more rapidly than the predicted ones. The same tendencies have been reported for deep, moderate, and large earthquakes, but not for shallow, moderate, and large earthquakes. This indicates that the peak values of ground motion from shallow, small earthquakes attenuate more steeply than those from shallow, moderate or large earthquakes. To investigate the reason for this difference, we numerically simulated strong ground motion for point sources of Mw 4 and 6 earthquakes using a 2D finite difference method. The analyses of the synthetic waveforms suggested that the above differences are caused by surface waves, which are predominant at stations far from the seismic source for shallow, moderate earthquakes but not for shallow, small earthquakes. Thus, although loss due to reflection at the boundaries of the discontinuous Earth structure occurs in all shallow earthquakes, the apparent attenuation rate for a moderate or large earthquake is essentially the same as that of body waves propagating in a homogeneous medium due to the dominance of surface waves.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Dr. Fabrice Cotton and one anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. The strong-motion data of K-NET were provided by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED). This study was partially supported by the Research Funding for Earthquake Insurance in Japan operated by NLIRO and the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) ‘‘Construction of Next Generation of Ground Motion Prediction Equation (Project Number: 23241054, Principal Investigator: K. Koketsu)’’ from the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).
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Si, H., Koketsu, K., Miyake, H. (2018). High Attenuation Rate for Shallow, Small Earthquakes in Japan. In: Dalguer, L., Fukushima, Y., Irikura, K., Wu, C. (eds) Best Practices in Physics-based Fault Rupture Models for Seismic Hazard Assessment of Nuclear Installations. Pageoph Topical Volumes. Birkhäuser, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72709-7_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72709-7_14
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