Abstract
In recent era, nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in food, medicine and body implants. Besides it’s wide use being a foreign particle it may have some noxious effect on the body. To understand the mechanistic role of NPs toxicity, Drosophila appeared to be a superior model organism. Toxicity of several nanoparticles were accessed using Drosophila. The NPs, after oral route of exposure enter into the gut, crosses the barrier of peritrophic membrane and induces apoptosis. The toxicity of NPs within gut resulted in developmental delay, with decrease in pupa count, fly hatching along with weight loss. The adult fly hatched after nanoparticle treatment shows increasing phenotypic defect in various sensory organs as well as in different body parts. Besides phenotypic defect some of the nanoparticle results altered behavioural phenotypes like larva crawling or adult climbing. Alteration of both phenotypic as well as behavioural assay clearly hints that signalling pathway like Notch, Wnt, EGFR etc. get affected due to exposure of nanoparticle. Results from various labs prove that nanoparticle can mediate developmental defect by altering signalling pathways. Since many of the signalling pathways are conserved the effect seen in model organisms cannot be overlooked. All the nanoparticles used in food and medicine should be modified to nullify the toxic effect before used in food and medicine.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Sanguansri P, Augustin MA (2006) Nanoscale materials development–a food industry perspective. Trends Food Sci Technol 17(10):547–556
Panyam J, Labhasetwar V (2003) Biodegradable nanoparticles for drug and gene delivery to cells and tissue. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 55(3):329–347
Krivorotova T, Cirkovas A, Maciulyte S et al (2016) Nisin-loaded pectin nanoparticles for food preservation. Food Hydrocoll 54:49–56
Douglas S, Davis S, Illum L (1986) Nanoparticles in drug delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 3(3):233–261
Wood NJ, Jenkinson HF, Davis SA et al (2015) Chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate nanoparticles as a novel antimicrobial coating for dental implants. J Mater Sci Mater Med 26(6):1–10
Campos-Ortega JA, Hartenstein V (2013) The embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster. Springer, Berlin
Pandey UB, Nichols CD (2011) Human disease models in Drosophila melanogaster and the role of the fly in therapeutic drug discovery. Pharmacol Rev 63(2):411–436
Medzhitov R, Preston-Hurlburt P, Janeway CA (1997) A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature 388(6640):394–397
Yun Y, Cho YW, Park K (2013) Nanoparticles for oral delivery: targeted nanoparticles with peptidic ligands for oral protein delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 65(6):822–832
García M, Forbe T, Gonzalez E (2010) Potential applications of nanotechnology in the agro-food sector. Food Sci Technol (Campinas) 30(3):573–581
Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Chakraborty AR et al (2014) Nanoscience and nanotechnologies in food industries: opportunities and research trends. J Nanopart Res 16(6):2464
Fröhlich E, Roblegg E (2012) Models for oral uptake of nanoparticles in consumer products. Toxicology 291(1):10–17
Benn T, Cavanagh B, Hristovski K et al (2010) The release of nanosilver from consumer products used in the home. J Environ Qual 39(6):1875–1882
Gaiser BK, Fernandes TF, Jepson M et al (2009) Assessing exposure, uptake and toxicity of silver and cerium dioxide nanoparticles from contaminated environments. Environ Health 8(1):S2
Fondevila M, Herrer R, Casallas M et al (2009) Silver nanoparticles as a potential antimicrobial additive for weaned pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 150(3):259–269
Bouwmeester H, Dekkers S, Noordam M et al (2007) Health impact of nanotechnologies in food production. RIKILT, Wageningen
Bussiere P-O, Peyroux J, Chadeyron G et al (2013) Influence of functional nanoparticles on the photostability of polymer materials: recent progress and further applications. Polym Degrad Stab 98(12):2411–2418
Shi L, Shan J, Ju Y et al (2012) Nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for sunscreen agents. Colloids Surf Physicochem Eng Aspects 396:122–129
Wang Z, Xu H, Wu J et al (2011) Sensitive detection of Salmonella with fluorescent bioconjugated nanoparticles probe. Food Chem 125(2):779–784
Xiao-e L, Green AN, Haque SA et al (2004) Light-driven oxygen scavenging by titania/polymer nanocomposite films. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 162(2):253–259
Cohen-Tanugi D, Grossman JC (2012) Water desalination across nanoporous graphene. Nano Lett 12(7):3602–3608
Qin J-J, Oo MH, Kekre KA (2007) Nanofiltration for recovering wastewater from a specific dyeing facility. Sep Purif Technol 56(2):199–203
Neethirajan S, Jayas DS (2011) Nanotechnology for the food and bioprocessing industries. Food Bioprocess Technol 4(1):39–47
Farhang B (2007) Nanotechnology and lipids. Lipid Technol 19(6):132–135
Yezhelyev MV, Gao X, Xing Y et al (2006) Emerging use of nanoparticles in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Lancet Oncol 7(8):657–667
Davis ME, Shin DM (2008) Nanoparticle therapeutics: an emerging treatment modality for cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov 7(9):771–782
Rowe MD, Thamm DH, Kraft SL et al (2009) Polymer-modified gadolinium metal-organic framework nanoparticles used as multifunctional nanomedicines for the targeted imaging and treatment of cancer. Biomacromolecules 10(4):983–993
Kennedy LC, Bickford LR, Lewinski NA et al (2011) A new era for cancer treatment: gold-nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapies. Small 7(2):169–183
Kumari A, Yadav SK, Yadav SC (2010) Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based drug delivery systems. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 75(1):1–18
Malam Y, Loizidou M, Seifalian AM (2009) Liposomes and nanoparticles: nanosized vehicles for drug delivery in cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 30(11):592–599
Manchester M, Singh P (2006) Virus-based nanoparticles (VNPs): platform technologies for diagnostic imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 58(14):1505–1522
Elhissi A, Ahmed W, Hassan IU et al (2011) Carbon nanotubes in cancer therapy and drug delivery. J Drug Deliv 2012:837327
Dobson J (2006) Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery. Drug Dev Res 67(1):55–60
Alexiou C, Schmid RJ, Jurgons R et al (2006) Targeting cancer cells: magnetic nanoparticles as drug carriers. Eur Biophys J 35(5):446–450
Gupta AK, Naregalkar RR, Vaidya VD et al (2007) Recent advances on surface engineering of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. Nanomedicine 2:23–39
Morones JR, Elechiguerra JL, Camacho A et al (2005) The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 16(10):2346
Huh AJ, Kwon YJ (2011) “Nanoantibiotics”: a new paradigm for treating infectious diseases using nanomaterials in the antibiotics resistant era. J Control Release 156(2):128–145
Sadat-Shojai M, Atai M, Nodehi A et al (2010) Hydroxyapatite nanorods as novel fillers for improving the properties of dental adhesives: synthesis and application. Dent Mater 26(5):471–482
Domingo C, Arcıs R, Osorio E et al (2003) Hydrolytic stability of experimental hydroxyapatite-filled dental composite materials. Dent Mater 19(6):478–486
Asgary S, Eghbal MJ, Parirokh M (2008) Sealing ability of a novel endodontic cement as a root-end filling material. J Biomed Mater Res A 87(3):706–709
Piconi C, Maccauro G (1999) Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial. Biomaterials 20(1):1–25
Asharani P, Wu YL, Gong Z et al (2008) Toxicity of silver nanoparticles in zebrafish models. Nanotechnology 19(25):255102
Bar-Ilan O, Albrecht RM, Fako VE et al (2009) Toxicity assessments of multisized gold and silver nanoparticles in zebrafish embryos. Small 5(16):1897–1910
Pachura-Bouchet S, Blaise C, Vasseur P (2006) Toxicity of nonylphenol on the cnidarian Hydra attenuata and environmental risk assessment. Environ Toxicol 21(4):388–394
Khan FR, Paul KB, Dybowska AD et al (2015) Accumulation dynamics and acute toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Daphnia magna and Lumbriculus variegatus: implications for metal modeling approaches. Environ Sci Technol 49(7):4389–4397
Zeeshan M, Murugadas A, Ghaskadbi S et al (2016) ROS dependent copper toxicity in Hydra-biochemical and molecular study. Comp Biochem Physiol Part C Toxicol Pharmacol 185:1–12
Yeo M-K, Kang M (2010) The effect of nano-scale Zn-doped TiO2 and pure TiO2 particles on Hydra magnipapillata. Mol Cell Toxicol 6(1):9–17
Stuart JM, Segal E, Koller D et al (2003) A gene-coexpression network for global discovery of conserved genetic modules. Science 302(5643):249–255
Apidianakis Y, Rahme LG (2011) Drosophila melanogaster as a model for human intestinal infection and pathology. Dis Model Mech 4(1):21–30
Lehane M (1997) Peritrophic matrix structure and function. Annu Rev Entomol 42(1):525–550
Kuraishi T, Binggeli O, Opota O et al (2011) Genetic evidence for a protective role of the peritrophic matrix against intestinal bacterial infection in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108(38):15966–15971
Lemaitre B, Miguel-Aliaga I (2013) The digestive tract of Drosophila melanogaster. Annu Rev Genet 47:377–404
Jiang S, Teng CP, Puah WC et al (2015) Oral administration and selective uptake of polymeric nanoparticles in Drosophila larvae as an in vivo model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 1(11):1077–1084
Park J-H, Kwon JY (2011) Heterogeneous expression of Drosophila gustatory receptors in enteroendocrine cells. PLoS One 6(12):e29022
Nazir A, Mukhopadhyay I, Saxena D et al (2003) Evaluation of toxic potential of captan: Induction of hsp70 and tissue damage in transgenic drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) Bg9. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17(2):98–107
Manke A, Wang L, Rojanasakul Y (2013) Mechanisms of nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress and toxicity. Biomed Res Int 2013:942916
Ahamed M, Posgai R, Gorey TJ et al (2010) Silver nanoparticles induced heat shock protein 70, oxidative stress and apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 242(3):263–269
Pompa PP, Vecchio G, Galeone A et al (2011) In vivo toxicity assessment of gold nanoparticles in Drosophila melanogaster. Nano Res 4(4):405–413
Panacek A, Prucek R, Safarova D et al (2011) Acute and chronic toxicity effects of silver nanoparticles (NPs) on Drosophila melanogaster. Environ Sci Technol 45(11):4974–4979
Philbrook NA, Winn LM, Afrooz AN et al (2011) The effect of TiO 2 and Ag nanoparticles on reproduction and development of Drosophila melanogaster and CD-1 mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 257(3):429–436
Labuschagne CF, Brenkman AB (2013) Current methods in quantifying ROS and oxidative damage in Caenorhabditis elegans and other model organism of aging. Ageing Res Rev 12(4):918–930
Pandey A, Chandra S, Chauhan LKS et al (2013) Cellular internalization and stress response of ingested amorphous silica nanoparticles in the midgut of Drosophila melanogaster. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) Gen Subj 1830(1):2256–2266
Hirst SM, Karakoti A, Singh S et al (2013) Bio-distribution and in vivo antioxidant effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles in mice. Environ Toxicol 28(2):107–118
Ahmad J, Ahamed M, Akhtar MJ et al (2012) Apoptosis induction by silica nanoparticles mediated through reactive oxygen species in human liver cell line HepG2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 259(2):160–168
Sul OJ, Kim JC, Kyung TW et al (2010) Gold nanoparticles inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation by acting as an antioxidant. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 74(11):2209–2213
Posgai R, Cipolla-McCulloch CB, Murphy KR et al (2011) Differential toxicity of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on Drosophila melanogaster development, reproductive effort, and viability: size, coatings and antioxidants matter. Chemosphere 85(1):34–42
Vales G, Demir E, Kaya B et al (2013) Genotoxicity of cobalt nanoparticles and ions in Drosophila. Nanotoxicology 7(4):462–468
Vecchio G, Galeone A, Brunetti V et al (2012) Concentration-dependent, size-independent toxicity of citrate capped AuNPs in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 7(1):e29980
Sabella S, Brunetti V, Vecchio G et al (2011) Toxicity of citrate-capped AuNPs: an in vitro and in vivo assessment. J Nanopart Res 13(12):6821–6835
Böhmert L, Girod M, Hansen U et al (2014) Analytically monitored digestion of silver nanoparticles and their toxicity on human intestinal cells. Nanotoxicology 8(6):631–642
Cao Y, Roursgaard M, Kermanizadeh A et al (2015) Synergistic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles and fatty acids on toxicity to Caco-2 cells. Int J Toxicol 34(1):67–76
Kaiser JP, Roesslein M, Diener L et al (2013) Human health risk of ingested nanoparticles that are added as multifunctional agents to paints: an in vitro study. PLoS One 8(12):e83215
De Angelis I, Barone F, Zijno A et al (2013) Comparative study of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles: physicochemical characterisation and toxicological effects on human colon carcinoma cells. Nanotoxicology 7(8):1361–1372
Fröhlich E, Meindl C, Roblegg E et al (2012) Cytotoxity of nanoparticles is influenced by size, proliferation and embryonic origin of the cells used for testing. Nanotoxicology 6(4):424–439
Gopinath P, Gogoi SK, Chattopadhyay A et al (2008) Implications of silver nanoparticle induced cell apoptosis for in vitro gene therapy. Nanotechnology 19(7):075104
Sabat D, Patnaik A, Ekka B et al (2016) Investigation of titania nanoparticles on behaviour and mechanosensory organ of Drosophila melanogaster. Physiol Behav 167:76–85
Haney MJ, Zhao Y, Li S et al (2011) Cell-mediated transfer of catalase nanoparticles from macrophages to brain endothelial, glial and neuronal cells. Nanomedicine 6(7):1215–1230
Huang N, Yan Y, Xu Y et al (2013) Alumina nanoparticles alter rhythmic activities of local interneurons in the antennal lobe of Drosophila. Nanotoxicology 7(2):212–220
Cooper RJ (2016) Adult neural stem cell differentiation and signaling is disrupted by low-level silver nanoparticle exposure in vitro
Zou J, Wang X, Zhang L et al (2015) Iron nanoparticles significantly affect the in vitro and in vivo expression of Id genes. Chem Res Toxicol 28(3):373–383
Rodrigues de Andrade HH, Reguly ML, Lehmann M (2004) Wing somatic mutation and recombination test. Drosophila Cytogenet Protoc 247:389–412
Graf U, Moraga AA, Castro R et al (1994) Genotoxicity testing of different types of beverages in the Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test. Food Chem Toxicol 32(5):423–430
Graf U, Würgler F, Katz A et al (1984) Somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster. Environ Mol Mutagen 6(2):153–188
Demir E, Vales G, Kaya B et al (2011) Genotoxic analysis of silver nanoparticles in Drosophila. Nanotoxicology 5(3):417–424
Vecchio G, Galeone A, Brunetti V et al (2012) Mutagenic effects of gold nanoparticles induce aberrant phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 8(1):1–7
Liu X, Vinson D, Abt D et al (2009) Differential toxicity of carbon nanomaterials in Drosophila: larval dietary uptake is benign, but adult exposure causes locomotor impairment and mortality. Environ Sci Technol 43(16):6357–6363
Raj A, Shah P, Agrawal N (2016) Ingestion of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) affects survival in Drosophila in a dosedependent manner. Int J Sci Res 5(6)
Key SCS, Reaves D, Turner F et al (2011) Impacts of silver nanoparticle ingestion on pigmentation and developmental progression in Drosophila. Atlas J Biol 1(3):52–61
Pappus SA, Ekka B, Sahu S et al (2017) A toxicity assessment of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on development and behaviour of Drosophila melanogaster. J Nanopart Res 19(4):136
Ren N, He B, Stone D et al (2006) The shavenoid gene of Drosophila encodes a novel actin cytoskeleton interacting protein that promotes wing hair morphogenesis. Genetics 172(3):1643–1653
Armstrong N, Ramamoorthy M, Lyon D et al (2013) Mechanism of silver nanoparticles action on insect pigmentation reveals intervention of copper homeostasis. PLoS One 8(1):e53186
Chandra M, Anand KS (2017) Assessment of nicotine dependence in subjects with vascular dementia. Int J Res Med Sci 3(3):711–714
Monalisa M, Sabat D, Ekka B et al (2017) Oral intake of zirconia nanoparticle alters neuronal development and behaviour of Drosophila melanogaster. J Nanopart Res 19(8):282
Zhang H, Cicchetti G, Onda H et al (2003) Loss of Tsc1/Tsc2 activates mTOR and disrupts PI3K-Akt signaling through downregulation of PDGFR. J Clin Invest 112(8):1223–1233
Li JJ, Hartono D, Ong C-N et al (2010) Autophagy and oxidative stress associated with gold nanoparticles. Biomaterials 31(23):5996–6003
Alaraby M, Hernández A, Annangi B et al (2015) Antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties of CeO2 NPs and cerium sulphate: studies with Drosophila melanogaster as a promising in vivo model. Nanotoxicology 9(6):749–759
de Celis JF (2003) Pattern formation in the Drosophila wing: the development of the veins. BioEssays 25(5):443–451
Hulea L, Markovic Z, Topisirovic I et al (2016) Biomedical potential of mTOR modulation by nanoparticles. Trends Biotechnol 34(5):349–353
Wang B, Chen N, Wei Y et al (2012) Akt signaling-associated metabolic effects of dietary gold nanoparticles in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2:563
Kaya B, Marcos R, Yanikoğlu A et al (2004) Evaluation of the genotoxicity of four herbicides in the wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster using two different strains. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 557(1):53–62
Gorth DJ, Rand DM, Webster TJ (2011) Silver nanoparticle toxicity in Drosophila: size does matter. Int J Nanomedicine 6:343–350
Anand AS, Prasad DN, Singh SB et al (2017) Chronic exposure of zinc oxide nanoparticles causes deviant phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster. J Hazard Mater 327:180–186
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to Mr. Abhinandan Patnaik for providing the Drosophila defective eye images and Mr. Unnikanan P. for providing the defective abdomen images. S. A. Pappus is thankful to DST INSPIRE which enabled him to study the effect of oral intake of NP on Drosophila.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pappus, S.A., Mishra, M. (2018). A Drosophila Model to Decipher the Toxicity of Nanoparticles Taken Through Oral Routes. In: Saquib, Q., Faisal, M., Al-Khedhairy, A., Alatar, A. (eds) Cellular and Molecular Toxicology of Nanoparticles. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1048. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72041-8_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72041-8_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-72040-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-72041-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)