Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nigerian West African Dwarf Goats

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Sustainable Goat Production in Adverse Environments: Volume II

Abstract

West African dwarf (WAD) goats represent a major livestock resource in the humid West and Central Africa where they are distributed across 15 countries. These goats are raised in low-input systems where they contribute to income and livelihoods of millions of people, with women playing key roles in local WAD goat value chains. These goats are renowned for their high fertility, multiple births, high twining rates, all season breeding, in addition to variations in qualitative traits within populations, justifying further policies for their conservation and sustainable use. Their rusticity and adaptation to backyard systems, as well as their cultural significance, contribute to their popularity. In spite of these attributes, severe constraints to production include absence of a policy-driven agenda for their sustainable production and utilization and no systematic long-term breeding programmes for their genetic improvement. This chapter reviews the status of WAD goat production and proposes strategies for their full exploitation as part of a poverty reduction agenda. Knowledge gaps including situation analysis (i.e. status of policies, institutions, infrastructure and capacities for sustainable WAD goat production) and analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to WAD goat production systems are suggested. Proposed interventions include the following: a regional policy-driven agenda on sustainable WAD goat production, systematic long-term research and development strategy (i.e. breeding policy, infrastructure for recording, genetic evaluation and provision of estimated breeding values to farmers as a clientele service, etc.), WAD goat value chain mapping, analysis, chain empowerment, gender inclusiveness and livestock entrepreneurship through WAD goat production. These programmes could contribute to the sustainable exploitation and conservation of the genetic potentials of WAD goats for wealth creation, especially for resource-limited families.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Doe productivity index is an assessment of the performance of a doe based on its reproductive parameters. This can be evaluated using the method of Knipscheer et al. (1984):

    \({\text{DPI}} = \frac{{365*\left( {N - 1} \right)}}{{T_{n} {-} \, T_{1 } }} *\,^{LS}_{b} *^{S} *^{W}_{w}\)

    where DPI = doe productivity in kg/doe/year; N = number of parturitions ; LS b  = average litter size at birth; S = average survival rate until weaning; W w  = average weaning weight of kids (kg); T 1 = age at first parturition (days); and T n  = age at nth parturition (days).

References

  • Abu AH, Mhomga LI, Akogwu EI (2013) Assessment of udder characteristics of West African Dwarf goats reared under different management systems in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. African J Agric Res 8:3255–3258

    Google Scholar 

  • Adedeji TA, Ogundipe RI, Ige AO et al (2015) Smallholders’ willingness to participate in a nucleus breeding programme for West African Dwarf goats under low-input environment. J Environ Issues Agric Developing Countries 7(1):55–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Adedeji TA, Ojedapo LO, Adedeji OS et al (2006) Characterization of traditionally reared WAD goats in the derived savannah zone of Nigeria. J Anim Vet Adv 5(8):686–688

    Google Scholar 

  • Ademosun AA (1987) Appropriate management system for the West African Dwarf goat in the humid tropics. In: Smith OB, Bosman HG (eds) Goat production in the humid tropics. Proceedings of a workshop at the University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, pp 21–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Ademosun AA (1993) The scope for improved small ruminant production in the humid zone of West and Central Africa. The approach of the WAD goat project. Proceedings of an International Workshop, OAU, 6–9 July 1992, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. In: Ayeni AO, Bosman HG (eds) Goat production systems in the humid tropics, Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp 2–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Ademosun AA, Jansen HJ, Van Houtert V (1987) Goat management research at the University of Ife. In: Sumberg JE, Cassaday K (eds) Sheep and goats in humid West Africa. ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, pp 34–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Adeoye SAO (1985) Reproductive performance of West African Dwarf goats in southwestern Nigeria. In: Bourzat D, Wilson RT (eds) Small ruminants in African agriculture. ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, pp 18–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Adjolohoun S, Bindelle J, Adandedjan C et al (2008) Some suitable grasses for ley pastures in Sudanian Africa: the case of the Borgou region in Benin. Base 12(4):405–419

    Google Scholar 

  • Akusu MO, Egbunike GN (1984) Fertility of the WAD goat in its native environment, following prostaglandins F2-alpha induced estrus. Vet Q 6(3):173–176

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ayeni AO, Bosman HG (1993) The WAD goat project package. How it was developed and tested. Proceedings of an International Workshop, OAU, 6–9 July 1992, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. In: Ayeni AO, Bosman HG (Eds.) Goat production systems in the humid tropics. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp 23–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Banda LJ, Dzanja JL, Gondwe TW (2011) Goat marketing systems and channels in selected markets of Lilongwe district Malawi. J Agric Sci Technol 54(1):1200–1203

    Google Scholar 

  • Batzias FA, Sidiras DK, Spyrou K (2005) Evaluating livestock manures for biogas production: a GIS based method. Renew Energy 30:1161–1176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bett RC, Kosgey IS, Kahi AK et al (2009) Realities in breed improvement programmes for dairy goats in East and Central Africa. Small Ruminant Res 85:157–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birteeb PT, Danquah BA, Salifu A-RS (2015) Growth performance of West African Dwarf goats reared in the transitional zone of Ghana. Asian Aust J Anim Sci 9(6):370–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biscarini F, Nicolazzi EL, Stella A et al (2015) Challenges and opportunities in genetic improvement of local livestock breeds. Front Genet 6:33. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2015.00033

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bitto II, Egbunike GN (2006) Seasonal variation in sperm production, gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserves in pubertal WAD goat bucks in their native tropical environment. Livest Res Rural Dev 18(9) (n° 134)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosman HG, Ayeni AO (1993) Zootechnical assessment of innovations as adapted and adopted by the goat keepers. Proceedings of an international workshop, OAU, 6–9 July 1992, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. In: Ayeni AO, Bosman HG (eds) Goat production systems in the humid tropics. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp 45–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiejina SN, Behnke JM (2011) The unique resistance and resilience of the Nigerian WAD goat to gastro-intestinal nematode infections. Parasit Vectors 4:12. http://doi.org/10.11862756-3305-4-12

  • Chiejina SN, Behnke JM, Fakae BB (2015) Haemoncho-tolerance in West African Dwarf goats. Contribution to sustainable, anthelmintic-free helminth control in traditionally managed Nigerian dwarf goats. Parasite 22:7. http://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2015006

  • DAGRIS (2007) Domestic animal genetic resource information system database. The West African Dwarf goat breed traits. Available at: http://dagris.ilri.cgiar.org/. Accessed 20 Dec 2016

  • Daramola JO, Adeloye AA, Fatoba TA and Soladoye AO (2007) Induction of puberty in West African Dwarf buck-kids with exogenous melatonin. Livest Res Rural Dev 19 (9):2007, n° 127

    Google Scholar 

  • Davran MK, Ocak S, Secer A (2009) An analysis of socio-economic and environmental sustainability of goat production in the Taurus Mountain Villages in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey, with consideration of gender roles. Trop Anim Health Prod 41:1151–1155

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dormekpor E (2015) Poverty and gender inequality in developing countries. Developing Country Stud 5(10):76–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Dossa LH, Wollny C, Gauly M et al (2009) Community-based management of farm animal genetic resources in practice: framework for focal goats in two rural communities in Southern Benin. Anim Genet Resour 44:11–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Egbunike GN, Akusu MO, Carew BAR (1993) Vital reproductive statistics of WAD goats does. Proceedings of an international workshop, OAU, 6–9 July 1992, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. In: Ayeni AO, Bosman HG (eds) Goat production systems in the humid tropics. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp 202–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein H (1971) The origin of the domestic animals of Africa. Africana Publication Corporation, New York, pp 214–220

    Google Scholar 

  • ERA (2009) An integrated regional value chains approach to agricultural development in Africa. Economic report on Africa (ERA), 2009. Chapter 5, pp 143–182

    Google Scholar 

  • EURECA Consortium (2010) Local cattle breeds in Europe In: Hiemstra SJ, de Haas Y, Mäki-Tanila A, Gandini G (eds) Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 154 p. Available at http://www.regionalcattlebreeds.eu/

  • Falconer DS, Mackay TFC (1998) Introduction to quantitative genetics, 4th edn. Longman

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1985) Small ruminant production in the developing countries. In: Tilmon VM, Hanraho JP (eds) Proceedings of an expert consultation held in Sofia, Bulgaria, pp 1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (2004) 1st state of the world’s animal genetic resources. Nigeria country report. March, 2004

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (2016) Development of an integrated multipurpose animal recording system. FAO animal production and health guidelines, n° 19. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 167 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Gall C (1996) Goat breed of the World. CTA Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Gizaw S, Getachew T, Edea Z et al (2013) Characterization of indigenous breeding strategies of the sheep farming communities of Ethiopia: a basis for designing community-based breeding programs. ICARDA working paper, Aleppo, Syria, 47 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagan BA, Nyameasem JK, Asafu-Adjaye A et al (2014) Effects of non-genetic factors on the birth weight, litter size and pre-weaning survivability of WAD goats in the Accra plains. Livestock Res Rural Dev 26(1) (n° 13)

    Google Scholar 

  • Haile A, Wurzinger M, Mueller J et al (2011) Guidelines for setting up community-based sheep breeding programs in Ethiopia. ICARDA—tools and guidelines No. 1. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria

    Google Scholar 

  • Heifer Project International (2013) Goat value chain toolkit: a guideline for conducting value chain analysis of the goat sub-sector. Retrieved from: http://www.igagoatworld.com/uploads/6/1/6/2/6162024/scalingup_successful_practices-part05.pdf

  • IGAD (2016) Validation of the report of diagnostic goat value chains study. Retrieved from: http://icpald.org/validation-report-of-goat-value/

  • Ikwuegbu OA, Tarawali G, Rege JEO (1995) Effects of fodder banks on growth and survival of West African Dwarf goats under village conditions in subhumid Nigeria. Small Ruminant Res 17:101–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ilu IY, Frank A, Annatte I (2016) Review of the livestock/meat and milk value chains and policy influencing them in Nigeria. In: Smith, OB, Salla A, Bedane B (eds). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Economic Community of West African States, 2016

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahi AK, Rewe TO, Kosgey IS (2005) Sustainable community-based organizations for the genetic improvement of livestock in developing countries. Outlook Agric 34:261–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KIT-Agri-ProFocus and IIRR (2012) Challenging chains to change: gender equity in agricultural value chain development. KIT Publishers, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 347 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Knipscheer HC, Kusnadi U, de Boer AJ (1984) Some efficiency measures for analysis of the productive potential of Indonesian goats. Agric Syst 15:125–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kosgey IS, Baker RL, Udo HMJ et al (2006) Successes and failures of small ruminant breeding programmes in the tropics: a review. Small Ruminant Res 61(1):13–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S (2007) Commercial goat farming in India: an emerging agri-business opportunity. Retrieved from: https://ideas.repec.org/a/ags/aerrae/47443.html#author

  • Kumar S, Rama CA, Kareemulla K et al (2010) Role of goats in livelihood security of rural poor in the less favoured environments. Indian J Agric Econ 65(4):761–781

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemma H (2014) Livestock entrepreneurship as an emerging self-employment option for university graduates in Ethiopia: overview of concerns and potentials for growth. Eur J Bus Manage 6(4):95–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Mack SD, Sumberg JE, Okali C (1985) Small ruminant production under pressure: the example of goats in southeast Nigeria In: Sumberg S, Cassaday K (eds) Sheep and goats in humid West Africa. Proceedings of the workshop on small ruminant production systems in the humid zone of West Africa, held in Ibadan, Nigeria, 23–26 Jan 1984, ILCA, Addis Ababa, Nigeria, pp 47–52

    Google Scholar 

  • March C, Smyth IA, Mukhopadhyay M (1999) Harvard analytical framework and people-oriented planning. A guide to gender-analysis frameworks. Oxfam, p 43

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason IL (1996) A world dictionary of livestock breeds, types and varieties, 4th edn. C.A.B. International, 273 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller BA, Dubeuf J-P, Luginbuhl J-M, Capote J (2015) Scaling up goat-based interventions to benefit the poor: a report by the International Goat Association based on the IGA/IFAD knowledge harvesting project, 2011–2012. Retrieved from: http://www.iga-goatworld.com/uploads/6/1/6/2/6162024/scaling_up_goat_based_interventions.pdf

  • Morrison PS, Murray WE, Ngidang D (2006) Promoting indigenous entrepreneurship through small-scale contract farming: the poultry sector in Sarawak, Malaysia. Singap J Trop Geogr 27:191–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muthee AM (2006) An analysis of pastoralist livestock and livestock products market value chains and potential external markets for live animals and meat. AU-IBAR-NEPDP-2006, Nairobi, Kenya

    Google Scholar 

  • Ngere LO, Adu IF, Okubanjo IO (1984) Indigenous goats of Nigeria. Anim Genet Resour 3:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ngongeh LA, Onyeabor A (2015) Comparative response of the West African Dwarf goats to experimental infections with red Sokoto and West African Dwarf goat isolates of Haemonchus Contortus. J Pathog 728210. http://doi.org/10.1155/2015/728210

  • Notter DR, Baker RL, Cockett NE (2007) The outlook for quantitative and molecular genetic applications in improving sheep and goats. Small Ruminant Res 70:1–3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odubote IK (1992) Characterization of the WAD goat for certain qualitative traits. Niger J Anim Prod 19:37–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Odubote IK (1994) Influence of qualitative traits on the performance of WAD goats. Niger J Anim Prod 21:25–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Odubote IK (1996) Genetic analysis of the reproductive performance of West African Dwarf Goats in the humid tropics. In: Lebbie SHB, Kagwini E (eds) Small ruminant research and development in Africa. Proceedings of the 3rd Biennial congress of the African small ruminant research network, Kampala, Uganda, pp 33–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Odubote IK, Akinokun JO, Ademosun AA (1993) Production characteristics of WAD goats under improved management in the humid tropics of Nigeria. Proceedings of an international workshop, OAU, 6–9 July 1992, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. In: Ayeni AO, Bosman HG (eds) Goat production systems in the humid tropics. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp 202–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogebe PO, Ogunmodede BK, McDowell LR (1995) Growth and reproductive characteristics of Nigerian Southern goats, raised by varying management systems. Livestock Res Rural Dev 7(1) (n° 6)

    Google Scholar 

  • Okewu J, Iheanacho AC (2015) The marketing channels and chains for goats in Benue State, Nigeria. ARC J Acad Res 1(1):51–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Ola SI, Egbunike GN (2004) Behavioural and morphological attributes of oestrous in WAD goat does under different physiological states. Livestock Res Rural Dev 16(10) (n° 75)

    Google Scholar 

  • Omeke BCO (1988) Improving goat productivity in the humid zone of the tropics. Bull Anim Health Prod Afr 36(2):126–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Oseni SO, Ajayi BA (2014) Phenotypic characterization and strategies for genetic improvement of WAD goats under backyard systems. Open J Anim Sci 4:253–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oseni SO, Sonaiya EB, Omitogun G et al (2006) West African Dwarf goat production under village conditions: 1. Characterisation and the establishment of breed standards. Conference on international agricultural research for development, 11–13 Oct 2006, Tropentag: University of Bonn, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Otchere EO, Nimo MC (1976) Reproductive performance of West African dwarf goat. Ghana J Agric Sci 9:57–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Otuma MO, Onu PU (2013) Genetic effects, relationships and heritability of some growth traits in Nigeria crossbred goats. Agric Biol J North America 4(4):388–392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oyeyemi MO, Akusu MO, Ola-Davies OE (2000) Effect of successive ejaculations on the spermiogram of West African Dwarf goats (Capra Hircus L.). Vet Arh 70:215–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozoje MO, Mgbere OO (2002) Coat pigmentation effects in West African Dwarf goats: live weights and body dimensions. Niger J Anim Prod 29:5–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Pamo ET, Fonteh FA, Tendonkeng F et al (2006) Influence of supplementary feeding with multipurpose leguminous tree leaves on kid growth and milk production in the West African dwarf goat. Small Ruminant Res 63:142–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peacock C (2010) Making livestock services accessible to the poor: moving towards a new vision for livestock service delivery. In: Book of abstracts. 5th all Africa conference on animal agriculture and the 19th annual meeting of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), 25–28 Oct 2010, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, pp 13–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Peacock C, Devendra C, Ahuya C et al (2005) Goats. In: Owen E, Kitaili A, Jayasuriya N et al (eds) Livestock and wealth creation-improving the husbandry of animals kept by resource-poor people in developing countries. Nottingham University Press, United Kingdom, pp 356–386

    Google Scholar 

  • Philipsson J, Rege, JEO, Zonabend E et al (2011) Sustainable breeding programmes for tropical farming systems. In: Ojango JM, Malmfors B, Okeyo, M (Eds) Animal genetics training resource, version 3, 2011. International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  • Sesay AR (2016) Review of the livestock/meat and milk value chains and policy influencing them in Sierra Leone. In: Smith OB, Salla A, Bedane B (eds). Published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Economic Community of West African States, 66 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Sumberg S, Cassaday K (1985) Sheep and goats in humid West Africa. Proceedings of the workshop on small ruminant production systems in the humid zone of West Africa, 24–24 Jan 1984, Held in Ibadan, Nigeria, pp 3–5

    Google Scholar 

  • van Rooyen A, Homann S (2009) Innovation platforms: a new approach for market development and technology uptake in southern Africa. Tropical and subtropical agroecosystems. Retrieved from: http://www.icrisat.org/locations/esa/esa-publications/Innovation-platform.pdf

  • Wilson RT (1991) Small ruminant production and the small ruminant genetic resource in tropical Africa. FAO animal production and health paper 88, Rome, Italy, 181 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Woode G (2013) An analysis of the goat value-chain as a strategy for poverty reduction in Ghana. Retrieved from: https://www.academia.edu/20649256/an_analysis_of_the_goat_valuechain_asa_stategy_for_poverty_reduction_in_ghana

  • Wurzinger M, Escareno M, Pastor F et al (2013) Design and implementation of a community-based breeding programme for dairy goats in northern Mexico. Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst 16(2):289–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Wurzinger M, Sölkner J, Iniguez L (2011) Important aspects and limitations in considering community-based breeding programs for low-input smallholder livestock systems. Small Ruminant Res 98:170–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yagoub YM, Babiker SA (2016) A study on goat meat production in Sudan. Int J Life Sci Eng 2(3):21–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Yakubu A, Salako AE, De Donato M et al (2016) Interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene polymorphism and association with heat tolerance in Nigerian goats. Small Ruminant Res 141:127–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yakubu A, Salako AE, De Donato M et al (2017) Association of SNP variants in MHC-Class II DRB gene with thermo-physiological indices in tropical goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 49(2):323–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Yapi-Gnoare CV (2000) The Open nucleus breeding programme of the Djalloke sheep in Coted’Ivoire. In: Galal S, Boyazoglu J, Hammond K (eds) Workshop on developing breeding strategies for lower input animal production environments, 22–25 Sept 1999, ICAR Series 3, Bella, Italy, pp 283–292

    Google Scholar 

  • You L, Johnson M (2010) Exploring strategic priorities for regional agricultural R&D investments in East and Central Africa. Agric Econ 41(2):177–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zvavanyange RE (2016) Powering agribusiness with improved goat value chains. Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation CTA Publication. Retrieved from: http://www.cta.int/en/article/2016-10-28/powering-agribusiness-with-improved-goat-value-chains.html

Download references

Acknowledgements

EU-funded iLINOVA project provided the platform and facilitated the development of this work. WAD goat farmers and market women in Osun and Oyo States, south-west Nigeria, who gave us full cooperation during the course of field work on WAD goat value chains .

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Nigeria

    Saidu O. Oseni & Adenike R. Aworetan

  2. Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Lafia, 950101, Nigeria

    Abdulmojeed Yakubu

Authors
  1. Saidu O. Oseni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Abdulmojeed Yakubu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Adenike R. Aworetan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Saidu O. Oseni .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal

    João Simões

  2. Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain

    Carlos Gutiérrez

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Oseni, S.O., Yakubu, A., Aworetan, A.R. (2017). Nigerian West African Dwarf Goats. In: Simões, J., Gutiérrez, C. (eds) Sustainable Goat Production in Adverse Environments: Volume II. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71294-9_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation